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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the S&S of an allergy
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sneezing, coughing, itching, headache, nasal congestion, urticaria
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What is anaphylaxis
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severe hypersensitivity reaction, decrease B/P, Increase P, bronchial constriction which leads to circulatory collapse
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What are the reactions to histamines
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swelling, redness, and heat
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Where in the body are histamines found
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Mast cells and white blood cells (basophils) Skin, lungs and GI tract
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What are the actions of antihistamines
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blocks effects of histamines
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What are the uses for antihistamines
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relieve S&S of allergy, antiemetic, motion sickness
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What are the side effects of antihistamines
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CNS depression, Dizziness, muscle weakness, dry mouth, thick mucus, excitation in children
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chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimenton)
diphenhydramine (Benadryl) loratadine (Claritin) brompheniramine (Dimetane) |
Antihistamines
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What are the nursing implications for antihistamines
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Assess and record response- increase/decrease in BP, safety precautions r/t drowsiness, overuse leads to rebound effect, mouth care- sips of water
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What are the actions of Decongestants
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Sympathomimetic agents that produce localized vasoconstriction, decrease nasal swelling- opens the airway
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What are the uses for decongestants
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rhinitis, hay fever, sinusitis
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What are the side effects of decongestants
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overuse and rebound effect, jittery, nervous, or restlessness
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What are the conditions to caution with the use of decongestants
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heart disease, HTN, hyperthyroid
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spherine (Efedron)
oxymetazoline (Dristan) phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) |
Decongestants
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What are the nursing implications for decongestants
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How to admin drop/nose spray, moisturize air, FF to liquefy respiratory secretions, Check w/MD if S&S persist
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What are the physiological effects of Bronchodilators
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Mimic the action of epinephrine; Cause bronchodilation by relaxing smooth muscle
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What actions do bronchodilators have on the body
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allows more air flow in, relieves respiratory distress, stabilize mast cells so they don't secrete histamine- decreases bronchospasms
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What are the uses for bronchodilators
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asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema
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What are the cardiovascular side effects of bronchodilators
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tachycardia, dysrhythmias, hypertension and increase of HR
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What are the CNS side effect of bronchodilators
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anxiety, nervousness, and restlessness, H/A, insomnia, N/V
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albuterol (Ventolin)
levalbuterol (Xopenex) metaproterenol (Alupent) salmeterol (Serevent) |
Bronchodilators
sympathomimetics |
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ipratropium (Atrovent)
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Bronchodilators
anticholinergic |
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oxtriphylline (Choledyl)
theophylline (Theodur) |
Oral Bronchodilator
Xanthine derivatives |
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cromolin (Nasalcrom)
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Bronchodilator
Mast cell stabilizer |
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montelukast (Singulair)
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Bronchodilator
Leukotrine antagonists |
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fluticasone (Flovent)
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Bronchodilator
Steroids |
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fluticasone/salmeterol (Advair)
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Bronchodilator
Combination sympathetic/steroids |
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what order should a nurse give bronchodialators when multiple drugs are used
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1. Adrenergic bronchodilator
2. ipratropium (Atrovent) 3. Steroid |
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What are the nursing implicaitons for bronchodilators
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Check P/R before and after admin, monitor theraputic effects, lung sounds
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What it the pt. teaching for bronchodilators
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do not exceed dose, use, FF and avoid caffeine, use bronchodilator first, B/P, oral meds w/food, O2 sats
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What are the actions of antitussives
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relieve or decrease the frequency of cough by...
depressing cough centers in mudulla anesthetizing stretch receptors in respiratory passageways |
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What are the uses for antitussives
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decrease frequesncy of non-productive cough
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What are the side effects of antitussives
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N/V, drowsiness and respiratory deprssion with codeine
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codeine
benzonatate (Tessalon) dextromethorphan dydrocodone (Hycodan) diphenhydramine (Benylin) |
Antitussives
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What are the nursing implications for antitussives
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Chronic use, liquefy secretions with FF and humidify air, drowsiness- safty percautions, avoid taking w/water,
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What are the actions of expectorants
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liquefy respiratory secretions and DO NOT stimulate caugh
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What are the uses for expectorants
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Helps clear airway i.e.,COPD and bronchitis
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guaifenesen (Hytuss, Robitussin)
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Expectorants
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What are the nursing implications for expectorants
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monitor type and frequency of cough, keep pt. hydrated
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What are the actions of antacids
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Neutralize acidity
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What are the uses for antacids
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relieve pain associated with excessive HCl in stomach
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What are the actions of systemic antacids
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dissolve in gastric juices, absorbed into blood stream and alters electrolyte/pH balance, systemic alkalosis
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What are the actions of nonsystemic antacids
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not digested and insoluble
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What are the nursing implications for nonsystemic antacids
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mask severe problems, large amounts of sodium, take 1-2hr after meal
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aluminum hydroxide (Amphogel)
aluminum & magnesium hydroxide (Maalox, Mylanta) |
nonsystemic antacids
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What is the actions of H2 antagonist and Proton Pump Inhibitors
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inhibit action of histamine, thus reducing HCl secreations
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What are the uses for H2 antagonist and Proton pump inhibitors
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treat ulcers/GERD, conditions that increase HCl secretions like steroid use
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What are the side effects of H2 antagonist and proton pump inhibitiors
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diarrhea, dizziness, fatigue, confusion
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cimentidine (Tagamet)
famotidine (Pepcid) ranitidine (Zantac) nizatidine (Axid) |
H2 antagonists
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omeprazole (Prilosec)
pantoprazole (Protonix) lansoprazole (Prevacid) esomeprazole (Nexium) |
Proton pump inhibitors
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When is the best time to admin H2 and PPI
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H2- w/meals and h.s
PPI- 30 minutes before meals |
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Nursing implications for H2 and PPIs
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Antacids interfere with absorption and avoid ETOH and NSAIDS because it causes GI upset
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tincture of opium (C-II)
diphenoxylate (Lomotil) loperamide (Imodium) |
Antidiarrheal agents that slows peristalsis
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what are the nursing implications for antidiarrheal agents that slows paristalsis
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Watch for overuse-constipation
can be habit forming |
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Kaopectate
Donnagel |
antidiarrheal agents that bind with irritant drug, toxin, bacteria,(absorbants)
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What are the nursing implications for antidiarrheal absorbants
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decrease fluid content in stool, and may interfere w/absorption of other drugs
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lactobacillus (Lactinex)
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antidiarrheal Lactobacillus products that increase the normal GI bacterial population
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What are the side effects of antidiarrheal agents
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mask serious disorders
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What are the nursing implicaitons for all antidiarrheal agents
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I/O, amount, # and nature of stool, fluid electrolyte imbalances, avoid stimulus to bowels- hot/cold foods, use after loose stool, consider C.Difficile organism
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What are the actions of laxatives
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facilitates passage/elimination of stool
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What are the types of laxatives
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Bulk-Forming, Stool Softeners, Saline Laxatives, Emollients, stimulants, Bowel prep, Osmotic
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What is the action/nursing implications for Bulk-Forming laxative
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Contain vegetable fibers
Need to take w/water to avoid impaction |
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psyllium (Metamucil)
methylcellulose (Citrucil) |
Bulk-Forming laxative
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What are the actions/nursing implicaitons for stool softeners
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Lowers surface tension causing more retention of water, detergent like action w/o cramping, take days to take effect
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ducosate Ca+ (Surfak)
ducosate Na+ (Colace) |
Stool softeners
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What are the actions/nursing implications for saline Laxatives
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pull water into intestines and produce loose watery stools, care with frail elderly cause electrolyte imbalance
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Milk of Mag
Fleets enema |
Saline laxatives
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What are the actions/nursing implicaitons for emollients
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Lubricate intestional wall and soften stool, may inhibit fat soluble vitamins
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mineral oil
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Emollient
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What are the actions/nursing implications for stimulants
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increase peristalsis by direct action on intestinal wall, can lead to electrolyte imbalance and cause dependence
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discodyl (Dulcolax)
senna (Senokot) |
stimulant laxitaves
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Polyethylene Glycol-Electolyte Solution (GoLYTELY)
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Bowel Prep
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What are the action/nursing implicaitons for bowel prep
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H2O soluble glycol cause large amount of water retained in colon, within 60 mins stool, evacuate bowel, 4L in 3hr (240mL/10min), little prob w/electrolyte imbalance, cause fatigue
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What are the actions of osmotic laxatives
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Increases water retention in bowel
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Lactulose (Chronulac)- ETOH removal
Magnesium Citrate (Citrate of Magnesia) |
Osmotic laxatives
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What are the uses for laxatives
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Prevent/relieve constipation, bowel prep, Dx tests, surgery
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What are the nursing implications for all laxatives
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discourage regular use, record keeping, admin at times that dont interfere w/activities, do not give w/ab pain or N/V unless orderd by MD
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