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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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level of consciousness
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-glascow coma scale.
-eye, verbal, motor *degree of wakefulness* <8 = poor 3= lowest, 15 = highest |
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stuporous
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need an obnoxious stimulus to wake them up, and can't keep them awake.
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orientation
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- MMSE (mini mental status exam)
-highest = 30 - 22/30 = cognitive deficits * person,place,time (circumstance) |
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aphasia
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can't talk
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dysarthria
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slurred speech
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cerebellar assessment (fine motor skills)
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- have patient do opposition of thumb
- RAM- patty cake! |
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cerebellar assessment ( balance)
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static- stillness (sitting down)
dynamic- moving. * test sitting vs standing -graded: good,fair,poor |
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five senses
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-vision= visual
-hearing= auditory -smell= olfactory -taste= gustatory -touch= tactile |
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touch(tactile)
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-pinprick sensation: assess light touch. sharp/dull. use something disposable
- proproception: position sense UE-take arm & move around LE- move great toe -vibration: tuning fork, place over bony prominence |
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assess vision (sensory assessment)
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- snellen chart.
-normal = 20/20 -opathalmus scope |
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abnormal tongue
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-white coating= rush
-fisswed= dehydration -bright red= b12 anemia -hairy= antibiodics |
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reflexes (deep tendon & babinski)
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deep tendon: bicep, triceps, brachioradialis, quadracep, achilles
grading scale: 0-4, normal=2 -muscle contraction, graded fast to slow babinski- should be negative in adult. positive = sign of neurological degeneration |
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analgesia
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absence of pain sensation
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aphasia
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-expressive: patient cannot express themselves, can't get right words out
- receptive: can't receive information |
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anesthesia
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loss of light touch, medication for surgery
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decorticate
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FLEXION POSITIONING
- cerebral hemisphere, nuerological problem |
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decerebrate
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EXTENSION POSITIONING
- midbrain/ upper brain stem |
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language controlled by
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cerebral cortex
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dysarthria
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difficulty speaking, slurred speech
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dysphagia
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difficulty swallowing
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dysphonia
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hoarseness. cranial nerve deficit/ or tube down throat
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ectropion
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outward turning of the eyelid
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entropoion
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inward turning of the eyelid
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hypalgesia
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dec pain sensation. diabetic with circulatory problems
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hyperalgia
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exagerrated sensitivity to pain. nerve pain= burning. diff than musculoskeletal pain
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kinesthesia
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awareness of movement of body with positioning of body parts
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miosis
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pupil constriciton (drug induced)
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mydriasis
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pupil dilation (eye drops @ eye doctor)
D for dialation! |
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ptosis
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droopy of upper eyelid
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stereognosis
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ability to perceive solidity of objects when placed in someones hand
-percieve solid, texture, size & shape of object ex) key vs coin |
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neurological exam=
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INSPECTION
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sensory exam=
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INSPECTION & PALPATION
- 5 senses!!!! |
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quick neurological exam
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assess SUDDEN changes in patient condition:
LOC(arousable?), ORIENTATION(date?), PUPILLARY REACTION, FACIAL WEAKNESS( any left/right facial weakness?) GRIPS ( can you squeeze my hand? push or pull? ) |
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9th cranial nerve
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glossopharyngeal
motor&sensory swallow/taste/gag reflex |
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pupillary reflexes (PERRLA)
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pupils equal roung reactive to light and accommodation
- both pupils round, equal size, reaction to light(restrict) -accommodation: close-constrict far-dialate |
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pupillary reflexes ( CONSENSUAL RESPONSE)
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-eyes constrict at the same time!
- if you're looking in one eye & it's constricting the other eye should be constricting too |
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pupillary reflexes (CONVERGENCE)
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-cross eyed when move finger to tip of nose
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diagnostic tests for neurosensory
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ct head/spine- stroke, brain injury
mri head/ spine- more diagnostic, looking for plaques, tumors, lesions lumbar puncture- meningitis, take csf to be analyzed bloodwork- rules out dementia/infection emg(electromylegram)- nerve conduction, carpal tunnel, weakness in extremities eeg(electroencephalogram)- for patient who has had seizures |
