Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Uretropelvic Junction Obstruction (UPJ)
|
Common, 2:1 men
10-30% bilateral L affected twice more Marked-ballooning of the renal pelvis Chronic-renal parenchymal atrophy |
|
|
Uretropelvic Junction Obstruction (UPJ) (causes)
|
Obstructions usually functional
Intrinsic pressure Excessive collagen Stuck Valves Luminal Stenosis |
|
|
Congenital Megacalyces
|
Usually unilateral
Very large calyces Normal renal function Assoc. with megaureter Absent papillary impressions |
|
|
Congenital Megaureter
|
Functional ureteric obstruction-very large ureter
Distal ureter is aperistaltic Prevalent in men, L side 8-50% bilateral Dilation of distal 3rd w/ peristalsis in proximal 2/3 |
|
|
Aberrant Vessels
|
Unusually courses of vessels that obstruct the ureter.
|
|
|
Retrocaval Ureter
|
IVC develops from the subcardinal vein instead of the supracardinal
Ureter passes behind IVC Men 20-40 yrs old Pain |
|
|
Acute Pyelonephritis
|
Acute kidney infection
85% from ascending route (bladder) 15% are hematogeneous seeding Diagnosis made clincally Renal enlargement, hypoechoic parenchyma, anechoic sinus |
|
|
Renal Abscess (where can it come from?)
|
Bacteria spread from the kidney from:
bladder, hematogeneous routes, ruptured pyonephrosis, retroperitoneal infections, invasive procedures |
|
|
Renal Abscess (sonographically)
|
Round, thick walled, hypoechoic, complex mass w/ good transmission
Internal mobile debris CT is more accurate |
|
|
Pyonephrosis
|
Purulent material in the collecting system
Assoc. w/ renal obstruction Bacteremia and septic shock-fatal (causes) Young-UPJ, stones Old-malignant ureteral obstruction |
|
|
Emphysematous Pyelonephritis
|
Rare, 2:1 women
Life threatening bacterial infection of the renal parenchyma Gas formation, renal ischemia 90% have diabetes Diff. to see w/ bowel gas |
|
|
Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis
|
Chronic renal infection causing destruction of parenchyma and replacement of it by lipid laden macrophages
Macrophages calcify=staghorn calculus=obstruction Middle aged Diabetics Women |
|
|
Papillary Necrosis (causes)
|
Ischemia leads to papillary death or necrosis. Caused by:
Analgesic Abuse Diabetes UTI Thrombosis Hypotension Dehydration Sickle Cell Anemia Hemophilia |
|
|
Urinary Tract Tuberculosis
|
Hematogeneous seeding of the kidney by myobacterium tuberculosis from the lung
Forms 5-10 years after pulmonary infection |
|
|
Urinary Tract Tuberculosis (acute)
|
Thick bladder wall
UPJ obstruction by intrinsic pressure |
|
|
Urinary Tract Tuberculosis (chronic)
|
Results in:
caviatation, calcification, mass lesion, abscess, fistula |
|
|
Simple Cortical Cyst
|
Asymptomatic, idiopathic
May be from focal inflammation or second to occlusion 50% adults over 50 Round/oval, smooth walls, enhancement, common in cortex |
|
|
Parapelvic Cyst
|
Renal sinus cyst, looks like a simple cyst
Pain, htn, obstruction Cyst doesn't interfere w/ collecting system Renal pelvis is dilated but the sinus isn't |
|
|
Von-Hipple Lindau
|
Mult. body systems disease
Diffuse, can affect the kidneys w/ bilateral cysts and adenomas 30-50 yrs old Risk of renal cancer |
|
|
Tuberous Sclerosis
|
Genetically transmitted disease w/ mental retardation and seizures
If cysts, it can look like autosomal dominant polycystic disease If cysts and angiomyolipomas, AML is found |
|
|
Tuberous Sclerosis (assoc. renal lesions)
|
Renal cell carcinoma
Angiomyolipomas Cysts |
|
|
Acquired Cystic Disease
|
Dialysis pts
Renal cysts may be from spontaneous bleeding and hemorrhage |
|
|
Infantile Autosomal-Recessive Polycystic Disease
|
Bilateral enlarged echogenic kidneys, loss of distinction between corticomedullary region
Lung hypoplasia and renal insufficiency Not compatible w/ life Late stages: echogenic liver from hepatic fibrosis |
|
|
Adult Autosomal-Dominant Polycystic Disease
|
Bilateral enlarged kidneys w/ large complex cysts from infection or hemorrhage.
Renal failure, pain, fever, uremia, hematuria, palpable mass Cysts can spread to liver, spleen, testes, and pancreas |
|
|
Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney
|
Most common palpable abdominal mass in newborns
Nonhereditary renal dysplasia Unilateral Bilateral-death Uretral atresia, non functioning kidney, 30% UPJ |
|
|
Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney (sonographically)
|
Infants/Children: enlarged kidney
Adults: small and calcified kidney Loss of parenchyma, mult cysts of diff. sizes |
|
|
Medullary Sponge Kidney
|
Rare, nonhereditary
Benign renal disease in children Unilateral Bilateral-death |
|
|
Medullary Sponge Kidney (sonographically)
|
Tubular dilation
40-80% calcium stones Nephrocalcinosis Large non-communicating cysts |
