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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the actions of antineoplastic agents
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interfere with cell metobolism or division of cells
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Name the cells that have a high mitotic activity
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bone marrow, lymph tissue, GI tract, hair follicles and skin, gonads
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What are the main adverse effects of the GI with antineoplastic agents
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N/V/A, stomatitis, dry mouth and decreased saliva
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What are the main adverse effects of Red bone Marrow with antineoplastic agents
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decrease in platelets, WBC, and RBC
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At what platlet count dose one stop antineoplatstic therapy
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platlets are <80,000= stop therapy
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At what WBC count dose one stop antineoplastic therapy
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WBC are <4,000=cut dose 50%
WBC are <2,500=Stop therapy |
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Nursing Implications for N/V/A with antineoplastic agents
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Keep pt. well hydrated Rx. 2-3L/day
Antimetic I/O- watch for dehydration lubricate lips |
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Nursing Implications for Stomatitis, xerostomia with antineoplastic agents
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soft toothbrush, cold/cool fluids foods, bland food, artificial tears
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Nursing Implications for Diarrhea with antineoplastic agents
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I/O- check for blood in stool, antidiarrheal agents
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Nursing Implications for alopecia with antineoplastic agents
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warn pt. about hair loss/will grow back
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Nursing Implications for Bone marrow depression with antineoplasic agents
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Watch for infections, temp>101, reverse isolation, check WBCs, bleeding, brusing... NO NSAIDS
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bacteriostatic
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inhibits bacterial growth
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bactericidal
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causes bacteria to die
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broad spectrum antibiotic
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effective against wide variety of microorganisms
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narrow spectrum antibiotic
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effective against very selected (specific) microorganism
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Name the adverse effects of antibiotics
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Hypersensitivity (allergy), Resistance, superinfections
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Nursing implications for allergies to antibiotics
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Know allergies, assess for reactions, treat w/antihistamines
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Nursing implications for bacterial resistance to antibiotics
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teach pt. how/when to take Rx, to finish Rx, C&S, and report if pt. Sx are not getting better
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Nursing implications for superinfections with antibiotics
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C&S for new antibiotic, eat yogurt or take acidophilus capsules
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What are the antibiotics that are better taken with an empty stomach
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Tetracyclines, sulfa, pencillin, INH, Rifampin
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penicillin V (Pen-Vee K)
peniclillin G (Bicillin, Wycilllin) amoxicillin (Augmentin, Trimox) methicillin (Staphcillin) ampicillin (Unasyn) |
Penicillins
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What are the side effects of penicillins
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allergy, GI- N/V/D
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Nursing Implications for penicillins
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COMPLIANCE, empty stomach W/water, notify Dr. if S&S of allergies occur
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cephalexin (Keflex)
cefaclor (Ceclor) cefatoxin (Calforan) ceftriaxone (Rocephin) cefixime (Suprax) |
Cephalosporins
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What are the side effects for cephalosporins
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GI- N/V/D W/food, Nephrotoxic, supress bone marrow
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Nursing Implications for cephalosporins
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take w/food, FF because of neprotoxicity, cross reactions w/penicillin
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ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
levofloxacin (Levaquin) |
FluoroQuinolones
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erythromycin (E-Mycin, EES)
erythiromycin estotate (Ilosone) clarithromycin (Biaxin) azithromycin (Zithromax) |
Macrolides (erythromycins) a penicillin alternative
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What are the side effects for macrolides
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Abdominal cramping, N/V/D
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Nursing Implications for macrolides
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Use w/caution with pt. with liver disease
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doxycyline (Vibramycin)
tetracycline (Achromycin) |
Tetracyclines
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What are the uses for tetracyclines
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Chronic bronchitis, acne, prophylactic UTI, STDs
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What are the side effects for tetracylines
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high risk for superinfections, decreases RBC & WBS, and may interfer w/anticoagulents
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Nursing Implications for tetracylines
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advoid milk, cause photosensitivity, not for children <8yrs, GI-upset so FF, check kidney function, avoid w/pregnancy
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gentamycin (Garacycin)
kanamycin (Kantrex) streptomycin |
Aminoglycosides (narrow spec)
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What are the uses for aminoglycosides
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IV for systemic effect on gram negative bacteria, serious infections
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Nursing Implications for aminoglycosides
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Check peak and troughs
Nephrotoxic- BUN, I/O, FF Ototoxic, vertigo, hearing loss Assess for superifections (pseudomembranous colitis) |
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trimethoprim & sulfamethoxazol (Septra, Bactrim)
sulfamethoxzale (Gantanol, Azogantoanol) mafenide (Sulfamylon) asulfidine |
Sulfonamides
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What are the uses for Sulfonamides
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UTIs, Otitis media, burns, prep for surgery
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What are the side effects for sulfonamides
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decreases RBCs, WBCs, Platelets
N/V/D/A |
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Nursing Implications for sulfonamides
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crystalluria- FF >2000mL/24hr
I/O, w/empty stomach, avoid w/anticids, photosensitivity |
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Interferon
amantadine (Symmetrel) acyclovir (Zovirax) zidovudine (AZT) |
Antiviral agents
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The use for Interferon
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Gives boost to body's immunity (AIDS, MS)
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The use for amantadine (symmetrel)
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effective against Influenza A
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The use for acyclovir (Zovirax)
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Herpes simplex
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The use for zidovudine (AZT)
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treat patients ifected with HIV to improve QOL
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tolnaftate (Tinactin)
nystatin (Mycostatin) miconazole (Monistat) amphotericin B (Fungizone) metronidazole (Flagyl) |
Anifungal agents
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Use for antifungals
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Local infections- topical treatments
Systemic infections- Metronidazole (Flagyl) *very toxic |
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Nursing Implications for antifungals
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Instruct about application
I/O- monitor kidney function *severe reaction w/alcohol |
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ethambutal (Myambutol)
isoniazid (INH) rifampin (Rifadin) pyrazinamide streptomycin |
Antitubercular agents
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What are the side effects of antitubercular agents
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paresthesia of extremeties, decrease in RR, seizures
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