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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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4 types of epithelial tissue in the integumentary system:
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1. Epidermis
2. Glands 3. Hairs 4. Nails |
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Muscle in the integumentary system:
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Arrector pili
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Nervous tissue in the integumentary system:
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Sensory nerve endings
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Connective tissue in the integumentary system:
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dermis
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What is the function of skin?
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Provides mechanical protection to resist abrasion
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What type of tissue is the epidermis?
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Stratified squamous
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4 layers of the epidermis:
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1. Stratum corneum
2. Stratum granulosum 3. Stratum spinosum 4. Stratum basale |
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What is stratum corneum made of?
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Dead cells filled with keratin
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What is stratum granulosum made of?
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Ketohyaline granules
Fillagrin (concrete)/keratin matrix (ruds) |
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What connects the cells in the stratum spinosum?
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Desmosomes
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What does stratum basale look like?
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Basophilic due to lots of ribosomes.
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2 Types of skin:
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-Thick
-Thin |
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What makes thick skin thick?
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If it has a stratum corneum >50 cells thick.
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What makes thin skin thin? How is it different from thick?
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-If it has a stratum corneum <50 cells thick.
-Has hair, arrector pili mm, and sebaceous glands |
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What is Psoriasis?
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Hyperproliferation of keratinocytes such that the epidermis is 2x as normal thick.
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How are epithelial keratinocytes linked?
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Via desmosomes
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What are the core proteins in the desmosomes linking keratinocytes?
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-Desmogleins
-Desmocollins |
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What is the plaque on the inside of linked keratinocytes made of?
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-Plaque proteins
-IFs |
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What plaque proteins are on the inner side of the cell membrane adjacent to IFs?
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-Desmoplakin I/II
-Plakoglobin -Plakophilin 1 |
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What is Bullous skin disease?
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An acquired autoimmune disease where you get Abs against cell-cell or cell-matrix attachment proteins
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What is the symptom of bullous skin disease?
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Blisters
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2 Types of Bullous skin disease
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-Pemphigus foliaceus
-Pemphigus vulgaris |
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What is the Ab in Pemphigus foliaceus?
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Anti-desmoglein 1
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What is the Ab in Pemphigus vulgaris?
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Anti-Desmoglein 1 and 3
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What is the epidermis anchored to? How is it anchored?
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Its basement membrane - via hemidesmosomes; interdigitates with the dermis.
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What type of dermal-epidermal junction is seen in thick skin?
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pegs and sockets - rocky
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What type of dermal-epidermal junction is seen in thin skin?
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Ridges and grooves - more rolling
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Layers of the Dermis:
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-Papillary
-Reticular |
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What is the papillary layer like?
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Superficial
Loose, connective tissue |
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What is the reticular layer like?
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Deep
Dense, irregular connective tissue |
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3 components of the plaque that anchors the epidermis to its basement membrane:
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-Plaque
-Lamina lucida -Lamina densa |
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What is the Plaque made of?
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BP230 Ag and Plectin
Transmembrane molecules: BP180 Ag and a6b2 Integrin |
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What is Lamina lucida made of?
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-Laminin
-Proteoglycans |
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What is Lamina Densa made of?
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Collagen
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What is Bullous pemphigoid?
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Anti-BP180 (in the plaque) develops and causes subepidermal blisters.
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What is the function of Melanocytes?
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Protection against UV radiation
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Where are melanocytes located?
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Stratum basale
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What are melanocytes derived from?
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Neural crest
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What cells confer the protective nature of skin against microorganisms?
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Langerhans dendritic cells.
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Where are Langerhans cells located?
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In superficial layers of the epidermis
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How does skin minimize heat loss?
How does it facilitate heat loss? |
Minimize: vasoconstrict
Facilitate: vasodilate |
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Where are Eccrine sweat glands found?
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Most areas of the body especially thick skin
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What do eccrine glands produce?
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Sweat
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What is the structure of eccrine sweat glands?
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Simple, coiled, and tubular
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What type of cells make up the
-Secretory part -Duct part of eccrine sweat glands? |
Secretory: simple cuboidal
Duct: stratified cuboidal |
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What innervates eccrine sweat glands?
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Sympathetic cholinergic nerves
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What is the mode of secretion at eccrine sweat glands?
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Merocrine - exocytosis
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Where are hair and arrector pili muscles located?
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IN thin skin
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3 components of a hair structure:
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-Hair follicle
-Hair bulb -Dermal papilla |
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What is the dermal papilla?
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Highly vascular tissue that projects into the hair bulb.
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What innervates arrector pili muscles?
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Sympathetic
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What type of muscle are arrector pili muscles?
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Smooth
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Where are Sebaceous glands?
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Associated with hairs - NOT in thick skin.
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What do sebaceous glands produce? When?
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Sebum - starts at puberty
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What is the mode of secretion from sebaceous glands?
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Holocrine - the entire cell is shed.
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What is Acne vulgaris?
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An increase in sebum production which blocks the hair follicle orifice
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What are 4 types of receptors in the skin?
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1. Free nerve endings
2. Pacinian corpuscles 3. Meissner's corpuscles 4. Ruffini endings |
