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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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During the French Revolution, what role did Edward Genet play?
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French envoy; came to America seeking support in French Revolution = began commissioning American ships to attack British vessels; therefore, Washington asked for his recall
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Define impressment.
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(British, during French Revolution)
kidnapping American sailors to serve in British navy |
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What is the Jay Treaty?
(following French Revolution) |
*Great Britain was practicing impressment on American soldiers
*Great Britain will only stop if: 1. return Loyalist land 2. pay debts -produced greatest public controversy of Washington's presidency John Jay negotiated treaty: -contained no British concessions on impressment or rights of American shipping -Britain did agree to abandon outposts in NW territory (finally) -treaty canceled American-French alliance -recognized British supremacy as unavoidable facts of life |
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Who makes up the Federalist Party?
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-supporters of Washington's administration
-merchants, farmers, lawyers, and established political leaders (elitist/upper class) -supporters of Hamilton's reports |
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Who makes up the Republican Party?
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-led by Madison and Jefferson
-wealthy southern planters, ordinary farmers -urban artisans |
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What was the importance of Washington's retirement?
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set precedent that presidency is not a life office
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What are the elements of the "XYZ Affair?"
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-American diplomats go to France to negotiate a treaty
-French officials present them with a demand for bribes before negotiations could proceed -Adams finds out and makes it public -poisons America's relations with France *Federalist reaction* -use this to show why French are corrupt = we should ally w/ G.B. *Adams refused to submit to Federalist pressure to declare war on France =Quasi-war with France |
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Explain America's "Quasi-war" with France.
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-followed "XYZ Affair"
-French ships seized American vessels and newly enlarged American navy harassed French -in effect, US becomes military ally of Great Britain -finally Adams negotiated peace treaty of 1800 |
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If Federalists supported Hamilton's economic program, what specific ideas were they therefore favoring?
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strong national government
loose interpretation elitist government conservative close ties w/ Britain |
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What was the significance of the Whiskey Rebellion?
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*Penn. farmers sought to block collection of new tax
-reinforced idea that democracy and freedom are dangerous in the hands of the common man -Washington dispatched militia: "rebels" offered no resistance **gave federal government a chance to prove its power and authority (unlike Art. of Confederation during Shay's Rebellion) |
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Explain Pinckney's Treaty.
(under Washington's Administration) |
(with Spain)
*established U.S. boundaries at Mississippi River and 31st Parallel -allowed open transportation on Mississippi |
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How did the Federalists react to the actions of Genet?
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*want to stay out of French Revolution
-want Genet out of U.S. -used him as example of when democracy/fight for freedom becomes to much = middle class is corrupt |
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Explain the election of 1796.
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John Adams (Federalist)
vs. Thomas Jefferson (Dem.-Rep.) Adams won = president Jefferson second = vice president *Men of different parties* |
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What was the significance of the Alien and Sedition Acts?
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Federalists attempted to silence their critics
-main target was the Republican press |
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What was the Democratic-Republican response to the Alien and Sedition Acts?
(Party Above Nation) |
*Madison and Jefferson led opposition (both Dem-Repubs)
-publish Virginia and Kentucky Resolves *attacked Alien and Sedition Acts: unconstitutional violation of 1st amendment *introduced "state-compact theory": states can check the constitution *interposition and nullification: state govts. have power of "judicial review" = states have the right to nullify abusive laws |
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Explain the Judiciary Act of 1801.
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*Adams appointed a number of justices of the peace for the District of Columbia (on the eve of leaving office)
-Madison (Jefferson's Secretary of State) refused to issue commissions to these "midnight judges" -4, including Marbury, sued for their offices = Marbury v. Madison |
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What was Marshall's decision in Marbury vs. Madison?
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*declared unconstitutional the section of the Judiciary Act of 1789 that allowed courts to order executive officials to deliver judges' commissions
-in other words, Marbury may have been entitled to his commission, but Court had no power to order Madison to deliver it SIGNIFICANCE: *Supreme Court assumed the right to determine whether an act of Congress violates the Constitution = "judicial review" |
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Explain the "Revolution of 1800."
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(a.k.a. election of 1800)
-Jefferson (Dem.Rep.) and his running mate Aaron Burr tied -went to H. of Rep. = neither man received majority = as a result, Congress adopted 12th amendment: separate ballots for pres. and v. pres. ALSO *Rev. of 1800 is important because = peaceful transition of power: Feds stepped down, Dem. Repubs took office |
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What was the importance of the Louisiana Purchase?
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*challenged Jefferson's Democrat-Republican views
-gave more power to president (president had never before purchased land) *Dem-Repubs support weak national govt. |
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Explain Jefferson's Embargo Act.
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war between Britain and France: each nation sought to deny trade w/ America to its rival; Royal Navy resumed impressment
-Jefferson put a ban on all American vessels sailing for foreign ports: hoped it would lead Europeans to stop their interference w/ American shipping and reduce impressment *again, Jefferson = Dem. Repub = believer in weak national govt.: embargo was amazing exercise of power -American exports plummeted -neither Britain nor France took much notice: embargo devastated American economies (esp. Feds in NE) *just before term ended, Jefferson signed Non-Intercourse Act -banned trade only w/ Britain and France -but if either side repealed its edicts of American shipping, commerce w/ that country would resume |
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Following Jefferson's Non-Intercourse, Madison issued Macon's Bill No. 2.
Explain. |
*allowed trade to resume but provided that if G.B. or France recognized American neutrality, the pres. would reimpose an embargo on the other
-Napoleon agreed first, but we didn't even have trade w/ France in the first place, so now we don't trade with anyone = Americans worse off that during Embargo Act: Federalists are "dying" from this |
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Who was Tecumseh?
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chief who refused to sign Treaty of Greenville
-felt that Indians should unite to gain their land back -called for attack on American frontier settlements *led pan-Indians forces in War of 1812 -defeated and killed at Battle of the Thames |
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What were the terms of the Treaty of Greenville?
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12 Indians tribes ceded most of Ohio and Indiana to the federal govt.
-established the "annuity" system: yearly grants of federal money to Indian tribes that institutionalized continuing govt. influence in tribal affairs and gave outsiders considerable control over Indian life |
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In the War of 1812, who were the War Hawks?
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ardent nationalists
-leaders included Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun *goals: annexation of Canada, conquest of Florida |
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What were the terms of the Treaty of Ghent?
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(ended the War of 1812: no side wished to continue conflict any further)
*restored everything to where it was before the war |
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What affect did the War of 1812 have on the Federalists?
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death of the Federalist Party
-Hartford Convention |
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Explain the Hartford Convention.
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In attendance: group of NE Federalists
-to voice their party's grievances, especially the domination of the federal govt. by VA presidents Their demands/ideas: -removal of 3/5 clause -require a 2/3 vote of Congress for the admission of new states, declarations of war, and laws restricting trade *Hartford Convention had barely adjourned before Jackson electrified the nation w/ his victory at New Orleans = Feds could not free themselves from charge of lacking patriotism: Federalist Party dies |
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What was the significance of Fletcher v. Peck?
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*Supreme Court ruled that the state legislature's repeal of the law was unconstitutional (using Clause 1 of the Constitution)
-ruling further protected property rights against popular pressures today -Court invalidated law conflicting w/ Constitution |
