11 Animal Structure And Function

Front 1

intracellular digestion

Back 1

in simple animals, food is digested thru intracellular digestion---digestion occurs w/i food vacuoles

Front 2

Lysozymes

Back 2

contain digestive enzymes

Front 3

extracellular digestion

Back 3

food digested thru digestive tract, in gastrovascular cavity.

Front 4

ex, in grasshoppers, food is passed thru specialized regions of the gut:

Back 4

mouth, esophagus, crop (Storage organ), stomach, intestine, rectum, anus

Front 5

Human digest. tract =

Back 5

mouth, esophagus, stomach, SMALL INTESTINE, LARGE INTESTINE, ACCESSORY ORGANS (liver, pancreas, gall bladder, salivary glands

Front 6

4 groups of molecules broken down by dig. tract

Back 6

starch proteins fats nucleic acids

Front 7

first stop in digestive process

Back 7

mouth/oral cavity

Front 8

when food enters mouth ___ and ___ digestion begins

Back 8

chemical and mechanical.

Front 9

saliva

Back 9

in mouth, contains salivary amylase

Front 10

salivary amylase

Back 10

enzyme in saliva that begins chemical breakdown of starch into maltose in mouth

Front 11

bolus

Back 11

chewed ball of food moves thru PHARYNX (throat) and into esophsagus.

Front 12

food moves thru esophagus in wavelike motion called

Back 12

peristalsis

Front 13

Stomach is a thick, muscular sac with 3 functions:

Back 13

- temporarily stores ingested food
-partially digests proteins
-kills bacteria

Front 14

gastric juices

Back 14

secreted by stomach contains digestive enzymes and hydrochloric acid.

Front 15

pepsin

Back 15

important enzyme in stomach breaks down proteins into smaller peptides, works best in acidic environ.

Front 16

chyme

Back 16

partially digested food enters small intestine

Front 17

3 regions small intestine

Back 17

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Front 18

pyloric sphincter

Back 18

entrance into small intestine.

Front 19

walls of small intestine secrete enzymes

Back 19

that break down proteins -peptidases ad carbs (maltase, lactase, sucrase)

Front 20

pancreas secretes 4 enzymes into small intestine

Back 20

trypsin, chymotrypsin, pancreatic lipase, pancreatic amylase

Front 21

trypsin, chymotrypsin

Back 21

break down proteins into dipeptides

Front 22

pancreatic lipase

Back 22

breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

Front 23

pancreatic amylase

Back 23

breaks down starch into disaccharrides

Front 24

ribonucleuase and deoxyribonuclease

Back 24

break down nucleic acids into nucleotides

Front 25

enzymes from pancreas are secerted int osmall intestine via

Back 25

pancreatic duct

Front 26

bile is an

Back 26

EMULSIFIER- mechanical breaks up fats into smaller fat droplets

Front 27

Bile is made in the ____ and stored in the _____

Back 27

liver; gallbladder

Front 28

microvilli and villi

Back 28

absorb broken down food, tiny fingerlike projections of intestine

Front 29

lacteals

Back 29

inside each villus, lymph vessels, absorb fatty acids

Front 30

hormones involved in dig system

Back 30

GASTRIN, SECRETIN, CHOLECYSTOKININ

Front 31

gastrin

Back 31

stimulates stomach cells to produce gastric juce

Front 32

secretin

Back 32

stimulates pancreas to produce bicarbonate and digestive enzymes

Front 33

cholecystokinin

Back 33

stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes and release of bile

Front 34

Vitamin K

Back 34

essential vitamin

Front 35

feces

Back 35

leftover undigested food, moves out of large intestine into rectum

Front 36

respiratory system
insects have____and air enters tiny opening called ____

Back 36

trachea; spiracles

Front 37

fishies have
land people have

Back 37

gills; lungs

Front 38

Air enters body thru

Back 38

nose or mouth

Front 39

Nose

Back 39

cleans, warms, and moistens incoming air and passes it thru PHARYNX ( and lrynx

Front 40

pharynx

Back 40

throat