108 Networks

Front 1

Define Host/Client

Back 1

Host/Client (matter of perspective)
- host is the main computer connected to other computers (clients) to which it provides data or other computing services via a network.

Front 2

Define Application Server

Back 2

Application Server
- a specialized server in a client-server network that has the sole responsibility of running specific applications within that network, i.e. netscape or oracle application server.

Front 3

Define Hub

Back 3

Hub
- a common connection point for devices in a network. Usually used to connect segments of a LAN. Device that forwards data it receives on any port to every computer in the network.

Front 4

Define Switch

Back 4

Switch (same as Hub only smarter, may be used to connect hubs together)
- device that only forwards a packet to a client based on hardware address.

Front 5

Define Router

Back 5

Router
- device that joins multiple networks together breaking up broadcast domains.

Front 6

Define WAP

Back 6

Wireless Access Protocol
- industry specification that allows advanced messaging and information services to be delivered to wireless devices independent of which wireless technology they use.

Front 7

Define Proxy Server

Back 7

Proxy Server
- an internet server that controls client access to the internet. It can stop employees from accessing undesirable websites and it can hide the internal network identity so monitoring is difficult for external users.

Front 8

Define Firewall

Back 8

Firewall
- device configured to permit or deny computer applications upon a set of rules or other criteria.

Front 9

Define VPN

Back 9

Virtual Private Network
- a segregated network often used by companies or organizations to communicate confidentially over a public network.

Front 10

Define VPN Concentrator

Back 10

VPN Concentrator
- for creating remote access VPNs with high availability, high performance and scalability.

Front 11

Define Backup

Back 11

Backup
- to making copies of data to restore original after a data loss.

Front 12

Define Repeater

Back 12

Repeater
- regenerate incoming electrical, wireless or optical signal to preserve signal integrity and extend the distance over which data can safely travel.

Front 13

Define a typical SOHO setup.

Back 13

Small Office Home Office
- refers to small collection of clients and routers typically located at a customer site or branch office without complex routing.
- optimized for low cost.

Front 14

Define a typical Distribution setup.

Back 14

Distribution
- aggregated traffic from multiple access routers to a major enterprise location, responsible for enforcing quality of service across a WAN.
- may consist of large quantity of memory, multiple WAN interfaces, and substantial processing intelligence.

Front 15

Define a typical Core setup.

Back 15

Core
- provide a "collapsed backbone" interconnecting the distribution tier routers from multiple buildings of a campus, or large enterprise locations. They tend to be optimized for high bandwidth.

Front 16

Define Network Topology

Back 16

Network Topology
- arrangement of the various elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a computer network.
- Four major types - Bus, Star, Ring and Mesh.

Front 17

Define Bus

Back 17

Bus
- network with set of clients are connected via a shared communications line.
- if a terminal or client goes offline, anything behind it in the line is also offline.

Front 18

Define Star

Back 18

Star
- network with all clients connected to a central hub.

Front 19

Define Ring

Back 19

Ring
- network with each client being connected to exactly two other nodes, forming a ring.

Front 20

Define Mesh

Back 20

Mesh
- network where some clients are connected to two or more clients.

Front 21

Define LAN

Back 21

Local Area Network
- computer network covering a small physical area like a home, office, or small group of buildings.

Front 22

Define WAN

Back 22

Wide Area Network
- computer network covering a broad area, ie. any network whose communications links cross metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries.

Front 23

Define MAN

Back 23

Metropolitan Area Network
- large computer network that usually spans a city or a large campus.

Front 24

Define GAN

Back 24

Global Area Network
- expansive network composed of different interconnected networks covering an unlimited geographical area, ie. JWICS.

Front 25

Function of OSI Model Layer 1
(remember - All People Seem To Need Data Procession - Please Do Not Throw Sausage Pizza Away)

Back 25

Layer 1 - Physical Layer
- the electrical and physical specifications for devices in relation to transmission medium - physical layout of hubs, repeaters and network adapters.

Front 26

Function of OSI Model Layer 2
(remember - All People Seem To Need Data Procession - Please Do Not Throw Sausage Pizza Away)

Back 26

Layer 2 - Data Link Layer
- the functional and procedural means to transfer data between hardward and network entities, enabling way to detect and correct errors that may occur in the Physical layer, ie. Ethernet.

Front 27

Function of OSI Model Layer 3
(remember - All People Seem To Need Data Procession - Please Do Not Throw Sausage Pizza Away)

Back 27

Layer 3 - Network Layer
- the functional and procedural means of transferring variable length data sequences from a source to a destination, ie. Router.

Front 28

Function of OSI Model Layer 4
(remember - All People Seem To Need Data Procession - Please Do Not Throw Sausage Pizza Away)

Back 28

Layer 4 - Transport Layer
- provides transparent transfer of data between end users, providing connection-oriented data stream support, reliability, flow control, and multiplexing.
- uses TCP and UDP Protocols.

Front 29

Function of OSI Model Layer 5
(remember - All People Seem To Need Data Procession - Please Do Not Throw Sausage Pizza Away)

Back 29

Layer 5 - Session Layer
- establishes, manages and terminates the connections between the local and remote clients and applications.

Front 30

Function of OSI Model Layer 6
(remember - All People Seem To Need Data Procession - Please Do Not Throw Sausage Pizza Away)

Back 30

Layer 6 - Presentation Layer
- data translator for the network, syntax.

Front 31

Function of OSI Model Layer 7
(remember - All People Seem To Need Data Procession - Please Do Not Throw Sausage Pizza Away)

Back 31

Layer 7 - Application Layer
- interface responsible for displaying received information to the user. ie. HTTP, FTP, SMTP

Front 32

Function of TCP/IP Model Layer 1

Back 32

Layer 1 - Network Interface Layer (Link Layer)
- physical and logical network component used to interconnect hosts or nodes in the network.

Front 33

Function of TCP/IP Model Layer 2

Back 33

Layer 2 - Internet Layer
- group of internetworking methods, protocols, and specifications in the Internet protocol suite that are used to transport datagrams (packets) from the originating host across network boundaries.

Front 34

Function of TCP/IP Model Layer 3

Back 34

Layer 3 - Transport Layer
- provides host-to-host communication reliability, flow control, and multiplexing services for applications.
- End to end message transmission or connecting applications at the transport layer can be categorized as either connection-oriented TCP, or connectionless UDP.

Front 35

Function of TCP/IP Model Layer 4

Back 35

Layer 4 - Application Layer
- specifies the shared protocols and interface methods used by hosts in a network. ie. FTP and SMTP.
Assumes most functions of the session and presentation layers of the OSI model.

Front 36

Differences with IPv4 and IPv6.

Back 36

IPv4
- uses 32 bit decimal notation addressing (four byte segments, 192.1.56.10), which limits the address space to 2^32 possible unique addresses.
IPv6
- uses 128 bit hexidecimal notation addressing (eight groups of four hexadecimal digits, 2001:0db8:0000:0042:0000:8a2e:0370:7334), which can support up to 2^128 unique addresses to fulfill future expansion and security needs.

Front 37

Define NIPRNET

Back 37

Nonsecure Internet Protocol Router Network NIPRNet
- used to exchange sensitive but unclassified information between 'internal' users as well as providing users access to the Internet, is DoD owned and created by DISA.

Front 38

Define SIPRNET

Back 38

Secret Internet Protocol Router Network SIPRNet
- system of interconnected computer networks used by the US DoD and the US Department of State to transmit classified information (up to and including information classified SECRET) via the TCP/IP protocol suite in a completely secure environment.

Front 39

Define JWICS

Back 39

Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System JWICS
- is a system of interconnected computer networks used by the US DoD and the US Department of State to transmit classified information (up to Top Secret including SCI) by packet switching over TCP/IP in a secure environment.

Front 40

Define DoDN (GIG)

Back 40

DoD Network Global Information Grid
- Globally interconnected end-to-end set of information capabilities for collecting processing, storing, disseminating, and managing info on demand to the warfighter, policy makers, and support personnel.

Front 41

Define DISN

Back 41

Defense Information Systems Network DISN
- the DoD enterprise network for providing data, video, and voice services.

Front 42

Define NMCI

Back 42

Navy and Marine Corps Intranet NMCI
- DoN program where information technology services have been outsourced to an outside contractor, deployed throughout the Navy and Marine Corps.

Front 43

Define ONE-NET

Back 43

OCONUS Navy Enterprise-Network ONE-NET
- Navy-wide initiative to install a common and secure IT infrastructure to OCONUS Navy locations based on the Navy-Marine Corps Intranet (NMCI) architecture and is designed to be interoperable with IT-21, NMCI, and the Global Information Grid.

Front 44

Define IT21

Back 44

Information Technology for the 21st Century IT21
- a Navy Intranet to enable network-centric warfare and warfare support through improved bandwidth, interoperability, and security, plus computing services to support user needs.

Front 45

Define Machine Language

Back 45

Machine Language
- machine code - system of instructions and data executed directly by a CPU, a primitive programming language, bits.

Front 46

Define Assembly Language

Back 46

Assembly Language
- low level programming language using human readable instructions of the CPU, uses letters instead of numbers.

Front 47

Define High-Level Language

Back 47

High-Level Language
- programming language, high-level language, closer to human language. ie. C, Python or C++.

Front 48

Define Operating System

Back 48

Operating System
- interface between hardware and user responsible for the management and coordination of activities and the sharing of computer resources.
- acts as host for computing applications run on the machine. ie. Windows 7, MAC OS 10.

Front 49

Define Application

Back 49

Application
- program designed to perform a specific function for the user or another application. ie. word processor, database programs, web browsers, development tools, drawing, paint, and image editing programs, as well as communication programs.

Front 50

Define Virus

Back 50

Virus
- malicious program, script, or macro designed to infect, destroy, modify computer or software program.

Front 51

Define Worm

Back 51

Worm
- self-replicating malicious virus that does not alter files but resides in active memory and duplicates itself - Does Not Require user intervention.

Front 52

Define Trojan

Back 52

Trojan
- malicious program that appears legitimate but performs some illicit activity - such as destroy data, locate password information or make the system more vulnerable to future entry.

Front 53

Define Backdoor

Back 53

Backdoor
- a remote administration utility that allows a user access and control of asset over a network.

Front 54

Define Phishing

Back 54

Phishing
- criminally fraudulent process of attempting to acquire sensitive information such as usernames, passwords and credit card details by masquerading as a trustworthy entity in an electronic communication.

Front 55

Define Network Enumeration

Back 55

Network Enumeration
- computing activity in which a user collects names and info on groups, network shares and services of networked computers to produce a logical connection between remote assets - typically to expose vulnerabilities that lead to unauthorized access and control over assets.

Front 56

Define Buffer Overflow

Back 56

Buffer Overflow
- process anomaly where data is stored in a buffer outside the memory programmed resulting in erratic program behavior to include memory access errors, incorrect results, program termination, or a breach of system security.

Front 57

Define SQL Injection

Back 57

SQL Injection
- an attack where malicious code is inserted into strings that are later passed to a SQL Server for parsing and execution.

Front 58

Define Dictionary Attack

Back 58

Dictionary Attack
- method of breaking into a password-protected computer or server by systematically entering every word in a dictionary as a password.

Front 59

Define Privilege Escalation

Back 59

Privilege Escalation
- act of exploiting a bug or design flaw in software to gain access to resources which normally are protected from an application or user.

Front 60

Define Brute Force Attack

Back 60

Brute Force Attack
- technique used to break an encryption or authentication system by trying all possibilities.

Front 61

Define Social Engineering

Back 61

Social Engineering
- practice of tricking a user into giving another user access to sensitive information to bypass most or all protection.

Front 62

What is the functionality of PKI

Back 62

Public Key Infrastructure
- Set of hardware, software, people, policies, and procedures needed to create, manage, distribute, use, store, and revoke digital certificates.

Front 63

What is the purpose of DNS

Back 63

Domain Name System
- translates domain names into IP addresses to locate devices worldwide.

Front 64

7 Layers of OSI Model

Back 64

1) Physical
2) Datalink
3) Network
4) Transport
5) Session
6) Presentation
7) Application

Front 65

4 Layers of TCP/IP Model

Back 65

1) Network Interface
2) Internet
3) Transport
4) Application