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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Photosynthetic protists have six major phyla:
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1. Phylum Phyrrhophyta (dinoflagellates)
2. Phylum Euglenophyta (euglenoids) 3. Phylum Chrysophyta (diatoms and golden algae) 4. Phylum Rhodophyta (red algae) 5. Phylum Phaeophyta (brown algae) 6. Phylum Chlorophyta (green algae) |
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Six characteristics of Phylum Phyrrhophyta:
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1. unicellular
2. mostly marine 3. usually 2 flagella 4. most have chlorophyll a and c 5. exoskeleton of plates of cellulose 6. asexual reproduction |
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most of the organisms in Phylum Phyrrhophyta are zooxanthellae, which is what? Where do they live, what do they make there?
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symbionts (live in a mutually beneficial relationship) in other organisms
zooxanthellae in CORALS, do photosynthesis and help make corals very productive |
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an important role to Phylum Phyrrhophyta is also bioluminescent. What is this?
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many plankton dinoflagellates emit light when disturbed. it creates sparkling waves and glowing wakes of ships at night
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predatory dinoflagellates:
how? Why? Example? |
generate toxins that they use to kill marine life
pfiesteria pisicida |
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What are red tides?
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population explosions that can color the water with pigmented dinoflagellate cells. red tides kill marine life due to the high concentration of toxins
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Phylum Euglenophyta has 9 characteristics:
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1. unicellular
2. mostly freshwater 3. some photosynthetic, some not 4. some are faculative heterotropic 5. have a pellicle coat 6. asexual reproduction 7.members of freshwater food chains 8. NOT a synapomorphy that defines a clade 9. example: Euglena |
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What is a facultative heterotroph?
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a photosynthetic form that can switch to being heterotrophs if kept in the dark, and switch back to autotrophs if given enough light
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What is a pellicle coat?
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a helical, flexible protein coat on the outside of the shell
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in phylum Chrysophyta, there are two overall characteristics:
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1. have chlorophyll a and c (chloroplasts are like brown algae and dinoflagellates)
2. they make chrysolaminarin |
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What is chrysolaminarin?
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a unique carbohydrate used for energy storage
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Phylum Chrysophyta - Diatoms: 8 characteristics:
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1. unicellular
2. 11,500 + species known 3. occur in plankton 4. lack flagella 5. cell wall = double shells of silica that fit together like a box and lid 6. shells have intricate designs 7. mostly asexual reproduction 8. CAN undergo gametic meiosis (usually diploid most of life) |
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importance of diatoms (2):
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1. "grass of the sea" - abundant members of plankton, perform a large % of photosynthesis done in ocean
2. "diatomaceous earth" (fossil deposits of cell walls), mined and used for pest control |
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Phylum Chrysophyta - golden algae: 5 characteristics:
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1. unicellular (often colonial)
2. freshwater protists 3. yellow and brown carotenoid and xanthophyll pigments (gives golden color) 4. usually two flagella 5. can form cysts |
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Phylum Rhodophyta has 8 characteristics:
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1. mostly marine and mostly multicellular
2. no flagella 3. chloroplasts have phycobilins and chlorophyll a 4. characteristic of chyanbacteria (1st photosynthetic organism) 5. SO chloroplasts seem derived from an endosymbiotic relationship with cynobacteria |
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importance of red algae (2):
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1. coral reefs are partially made of coralline red algae
2. agar and carrageenan - cell wall componenets are extracted and used as thickeners (ice cream) |
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Phylum Phaeophyta has 5 characteristics:
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1. ~1500 species
2. multicellular, large, including kelps 3. chloroplasts have chlorophylls a and c 4. (sexual) alternation of generations and sporic meiosis |
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Phylum Phaeophyta: focus on kelps (4):
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1. complex, branching vascular system = plants
2. "kelp forests" (impt to shallow water inhabitants) 3. harvested for alginates (cell wall materials), used for thickners |
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Phylum Chlorophyta has 5 characteristics:
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1. diverse
2. unicellular --> multicellular species 3. chlorophyll a and b 4. some symbionts 5. asexual reproduction ALSO alternation of generations with sporic meiosis |
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Phylum Chlorophyta: importance (5):
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1. base of food chain
2. possible nutritional supplement 3. plants evolved from a line of green algae 4. multicellular forms = nonvascular plants 5. DNA sequencing supports clade of plants and green algae |
