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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the treatment and nuring care for inflammation
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Rest and elevate the part, cold application, heat application, diet, anti-inflam agents, control pain
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How dose rest and elevation help w/ inflammation
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decrease swelling adn increase venouse return and derease amount tissue that is damaged
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How dose cold application help w/ inflammaiton
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vasoconstriction decreases swelling and pain
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What kind of diet does the pt. require with inflammation
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increase of fluids, 3-4,000mL/24hrs
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What kind of anti-inflammatory agents are used with a pt. w/ inflammation and why
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NSAIDS (ASA, ibuprofen)
because they decrease inflammation and swelling |
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What are the different types of infections
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nosocomial, community acquired
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Nosocaomial infection
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hospical acquired
-UTI, Repiratory, wound infections |
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communicable (community acquired)
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acquired via day to day public
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What are the S&S of systemic infection
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H/A, dry skin, flushed face, swollen, tender lymph nodes, malaise, fatigue, body ache, fever and chills, tachycardia and RR, leukocytosis
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What is the treatment and nursing care for infections
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Rest, fever reduction, monitor V.S, Diet, lsolation, medications
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How dose a nurse promote rest for a pt. with an infection
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quiet environment, back rub, psition changes, psychosocial support
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How dose a nurse promote rever reduction for a pt. with an infection
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Cool environment, pull down bed covers
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What kind of diet is needed for a pt. with an infection
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Increase fluids to 3-4,000mL/24hr, increase calories, and possable supplements
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How dose a nurse use isolation for a pt. with an infection
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universal precautions with all pt., wear gloves, goggles, mask, gowns, and dispose waste properly.. GOOD HANDWASHING
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What kind of medications are needed for a pt. with an infection
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Antibiotics, fever reducer
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What are the nursing implications for a pt. taking an antibiotic
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obtain a C&S, admin on time, satch for allergies, asses response and effectiveness, watch for superinfections, FF
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What is pneumonia
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inflammation of the alveoli
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What are the S&S of pnumonia
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Chills and fever (103-106)
cyanosis, tachycardia, dyspnea/thachypnea productive cough, pain, weak, malaise |
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How is pneumonia Dx
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WBC increase 15-40,000/mL, Blood cultures, and X-rays
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What is the treatment for pneumonia
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Antibiotic, supportive care, O2 therapy, diet, rest, mild analgesic
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What is supprtive care for a pt. with pneumonia
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heated and medicated nebulization, postural drainage and percussion
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What kind of diet should a pt. with pneumonia have
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With lots of fluids
3,000 mL/day |
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What is arthritis
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inflammation of the joints, with no cure
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What is Rheumatoid arthritis
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Chronic systemic disease where there is inflammation in the synovial membrane, swelling, reduced movement with calcium deposits
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What are the S&S of Rheumatoid arthritis
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muscle aches, fever, malaise, inflamed, swollen, red hot joints, stiffness in the morning
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What is the treatment for Rheumatoid arthritis
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Supportive:
balance of rest/activities, maintain mobility, pain control and medications |
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What are the they types of surgeries for Rheumatoid Arthritis
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synovectomy- removal of hypertophied synovium
Arthroplasty- Reconsruct joint Total Joint Arthoplasty |
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What are the ways to control pain for a pt. with Rheumatoid arthritis
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Whirlpool, hot tub, heat packs
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What are some medications for a pt. with Rheumatoid arthritis
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salicylates, ibuprofen, cox-2 inhibitors and steroids
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What is osteoarthritis
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noninflammatory degernation of cartilage and bone, progressive waring out of a joint, erosion of articular cartilage, osterophyte (bone spurs)
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What are the contributing factors for the development of osteoarthritis
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poor posture, trauma; or strain on joints, obesity
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What are the S&S of osteoarthritis
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stiffness in the A.M., increase pain w/exercise, limitaion of movement, joint enlargement
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What are the nursing implications and treatment for osteoarthritis
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Encourage ADL's, short peroids of moderate exercise, weight loss, heat, massage, T.J replacement
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What is shock
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When tissues are have a decreas perfusion of O2, caused by peripheral/circulatory failure
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What are some of GI effects from shock
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increase risk for ulcers, impaired mobility, decrease liver function
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What are some of the renal effects from shock
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decrease renal perfusion, nubular necrosis
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What are the brain effects caused from shock
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neurological impact, cerebral hypoxia, ischemia swelling, decreased in LOC
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hypovolemic shock
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reduction of circulatain volume, because of hemorrhage or fluid loss/dehydration
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Cardiogenic Shock
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The heart fails to pump adequate amount of blood, CHF, or MI
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Vasogenic Shock
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Loss of sympathetic vessel tone; sudden vasodilation, blood collects in small vessels
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Neural induced vasogenic shock
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injury to brain/spinal cord where brain cant tell send message to vasoconstrict
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Chemical induced septic shock
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Septic/bacteremia because of overwhelming bacterial infections cause vasodialation
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Chemical induced anaphylactic shock
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Severe allergic reaction with large amounts of histimine that cause massive vasodilation
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What are the S&S of Shock
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Color, Skin, Vital signs, kidneys, thirst, sensory
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What happens to color and skin of pt. with S&S of shock
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The pt. becomes pale, dusky skin, cyanotic lips and nailbeds
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What happens to the vial signs of a pt. in shock
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Decrease of B/P, Increase of P and RR
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What happens to a pt. sensory when in shock
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***first sign of shock***
Restliss, irritable, confused, decreased LOC |
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What is the treatment for a pt. thats in shock
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Replacement therapy:
V.S, O2, IV fluid, warmth, medicaitons to vasoconstrict |
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What are the risk factors for TB
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Homeless, malnutrition, immuno-compromised
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What are the S&S of TB
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Productive cough w/blood, low grade fever, fatigue, anorexia and weight loss, SOB, chest pain and dyspnea
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How is TB DX
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skin test, C&S, X-ray
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What is the treatment for TB
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Drugs:
INH, rifampin, pyrazinamide, streptomycin |
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What is the nursing care and for TB
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Supportive, teaching about longterm therapy and complience **Isolation***
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What are the COPD's
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Chronic Bronchitis, Emphysema, Asthma
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What is the S&S of Chronic Bronchitis
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Excessive mucose production, crackles and wheezes, polycythemia, edema
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What are the S&S of emphysemia
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dyspnea, weakness, lethargy, fatigue, barrel chest, chronic, nonproductive cough
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What is the treatment for emphysemia
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Avoid irritants, stop smoking, avoid cold air, nebulizer, humidification, O2, medicaitons- clucocorticoids, bronchodilatiors, expectorents
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What are the S&S of Asthma
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paroxysmal wheezing, tightness of chest, hypoxia, cyanosis, cough
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What is the treatment or nursing for asthma
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Medications- Bronchodilatiors, glucocorticoids, antibiotics, O2, liquefy secretions
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What is the subjective data a nurse should check when assessing pain
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Nature, intensity, location, onset, and duration of pain
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What are the physical responses to pain
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increase or decrease in B/P, increase of P and RR, Cool, pale skin, N/V, weak, dilated puplis, pt. look like they are in pain, restless
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What are some nonpharmacologic ways to manage pain
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self control, distaction, telaxation, superficial stimulation, acupressure, biofeedback, TENS, Surgical procedure
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What are some pharmocologic mangagment for pain
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Narcotics or non-narcotics
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What is the seven steps in pain assessment
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Accept patients report, determine the status of pain, describe pain, examine the site, identify coping methods, record assessment and interventions, evaluate success of interventions
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