10/13/06: St. John's; Cis-1332-0; Vakil; Midterm

Front 1

servers

Back 1

group of personal computers(usually up to 4 computers through a wire... a few more wirelessly) connected to one another. one computer(usually the strongest one) is used as a server and it is connected to a printer. they allow u to share files, hardware and software.

Front 2

what servers are good for

Back 2

sharing information

Front 3

router

Back 3

device that sends u on the fastest route to get u to where u want to go (also splits internet feed between systems)

Front 4

software

Back 4

the instructions that tell computer what to do how to do it turning the data into information (software program/just program)

Front 5

hardware

Back 5

consists of computer itself and its associated equipment

Front 6

2 types of software programs

Back 6

-system software programs
-application software programs

Front 7

system software program

Back 7

software that makes a computer useful. plans and step by step instructions are required to turn data into information. it consists of programs to control the operations of computer equipment. (operating system)

Front 8

application software program

Back 8

consists of programs that tell a computer how to produce information

Front 9

operating system

Back 9

tells computer how to perform the functions of loarding, storing, and executing an application.... and how to transfer data

Front 10

booting

Back 10

when a computer is started; the operating system is loaded into computers main memory

Front 11

rebooting

Back 11

when you restart your computer

Front 12

GUI (graphical user interface

Back 12

-allows u to interact with the software by using graphics and icons
-controls how u enter data and how the screen displays information
(back in the day computer was completely text based; no icons)(ex: ms windows is a GUI that works with dos)

Front 13

6 components of a computer system (hardware)

Back 13

1. input device
2. processor(CPU)
3. memory
4. output device
5. secondary storage
6. communication device

Front 14

input devices

Back 14

take data in machine-readable form and sends it to the processor (ex: keyboard, mouse)

Front 15

processor (CPU)

Back 15

has the ability to manipulate data and transform raw data into processing information.

Front 16

bits

Back 16

the basic unit for representing data in computer memory

Front 17

bytes

Back 17

bits are put together in a group called a byte. each byte, usually 8 bits, represents one character of data. certain bits patterns represent certain characters

Front 18

other forms based on the unit of bits

Back 18

-kilobyte = 1024 = KB
-megabyte = (1024)*(1024) = MB
-gigabyte = (1024)^3 = GB
-terabyte = (1024)^4 = TB (1 trillion)

Front 19

memory

Back 19

associated with the cpu, temporarily holding data and instructions(programs)

Front 20

RAM

Back 20

random access memory

Front 21

ROM

Back 21

read only memory. contains programs and data that are permanently recorded into this type of memory. these programs can be read and used, but can not be changed.

Front 22

2 main components of mobo

Back 22

-processor
-memory

Front 23

output devices

Back 23

how the information comes back to u (ex: paper output, screen output)

Front 24

secondary storage devices

Back 24

auxiliary units outside the CPU which can store additional data (ex: floppy)

Front 25

communications device

Back 25

hardware component that enables a computer to send and recieve data, instructions and information
communication occurs over cables, telephone lines, cellular radio networks, satellites, and other transmission media

Front 26

2 examples of communications devices

Back 26

-dial up modems, dsl modems, cable modems, network cards, and routers
-cable and dsl modems send and recieve data from cable and dsl lines.

Front 27

5 steps by which communication takes place

Back 27

-COMPUTER A - sends out digital signals
-MODEM A - converts digital signal to analog signals
-PHONE LINE - sends analog signal to MODEM B
-MODEM B - converts analog signal back to digital
-COMPUTER B - recieves the digital signal

Front 28

6 different communication channels

Back 28

-telephone line
-pda cable
-cable tv
-underground lines
-microwave stations
-satellites

Front 29

communications network

Back 29

collection of computers and other equipment using communcations channel to share hardware, software, data, and information

Front 30

LAN

Back 30

a network which covers a limited geographical area such as a school computer laboratory, or an office

Front 31

WAN

Back 31

consists of a communications channel connecting a group of personal computers to one another in far apart locations. satellite will be used to transmit

Front 32

main problem with various network

Back 32

security

Front 33

3 reasons why wireless lans are popular

Back 33

-mobile and flexible providing users with the ability to access the internet and up-to-the-minute information at work or at home
-easy to install, eliminating the need for cables and wires to be installed by professionals
-although they have relatively high initial set-up costs when compared to the wired LANs; however, in the long run, with ever-changing and advanced technology, it is a must better investment

Front 34

3 ways that wireless lans work

Back 34

-use radio or infrared electromagnetic waves to communicate information from one point to another; without the use of the copper wires
-sometimes, devices known as access points or for DSL/cable, routers connect to the wired network and transmit information between the wireless LAN and the wired network
-one access point or router provides enough of a signal to support a small group of computers within a range of one foot to several hundred feet(theoretically, home routers can reach 300 ft. the usual range is about 150 ft.)

Front 35

broadcast radio

Back 35

a wireless transmission medium that distributes radio signals through the air over long(two cities) or short distances(within home)

Front 36

bluetooth

Back 36

transmission is based on short-range radio waves

Front 37

3 bluetooth pros

Back 37

-connects up to 2 Mbps (reasonable speed)
-2.4 Ghz frequency
-moderate cost

Front 38

2 bluetooth cons

Back 38

-has a very short range. range can be affected by building materials
-high interference rate. other 2.4 GHz devices, like cordless phones, may disrupt connection.

Front 39

Wi-Fi(wireless fidelity)

Back 39

users wirelessly connected to the network (ex: public access points)

Front 40

5 wireless network standards

Back 40

-802.11b
-802.11g
-802.11a
-802.11 Super G
-802.11n

Front 41

3 802.11b/802.11g Pros

Back 41

-theoretical speed is 11 and 54 Mbps may not be achieved
-has a practical range of 150ft. range can be affected by building materials
-moderate cost/low cost

Front 42

3 802.11b/802.11g Cons

Back 42

-2.4 Ghz frequency
-has a high interference rate
-other 2.4 GHz devices like cordless phones may disrupt connection

Front 43

3 802.11a Pros

Back 43

-connects at a speedo f 54Mbps
-5Ghz frequency
-low interference rate

Front 44

2 802.11a Cons

Back 44

-high cost
-not compatible with 802.11b and 802.11g

Front 45

802.11 Super G

Back 45

new standard for wireless connection (speed)

Front 46

3 Pros for 802.11N

Back 46

-higher speed than other standards.
-200Mbps or more in the 5Ghz band
-fast enough for video and multi media application

Front 47

802.11 vs Bluetooth (focus of each)

Back 47

-802.11: LAN
-Bluetooth: PAN

Front 48

802.11 vs Bluetooth (rated speed)

Back 48

-802.11: 11 to 108Mbps in both directions
-Bluetooth: may increase to 2 Mbps

Front 49

802.11 vs Bluetooth (distance)

Back 49

-802.11: 30 to 100 meters
-Bluetooth: 10 meters

Front 50

802.11 vs Bluetooth (number of devices)

Back 50

-802.11: limited in practice only because of high traffic
-Bluetooth: limited to a few devices

Front 51

802.11 vs Bluetooth (cost)

Back 51

-802.11: higher
-Bluetooth: lower

Front 52

WiMax (802.16)

Back 52

latest netork standard which specifies how wireless devices communicate over the air

Front 53

2 histories of wireless security (specifically, 802.11)

Back 53

-had no security by default
-in older products, the installation default was to have no security at all

Front 54

4 first steps to adding security to wireless

Back 54

-wired equilalent privacy(WEP)
-all computers share the same encryption key with the access point
-this key os rarely changed because of the difficulty of coordinating the many users sharting it
-this is a shared static key

Front 55

4 second steps to adding security to wireless

Back 55

-add log in option
-add firewall
-use devices with ERP(wired equilivalent privacy)
-use devices with WPA(wireless protected access). WPA is much safter than WEP. each station gets a seperate key that is frequently changed

Front 56

3 jobs of a firewall (packet filter)

Back 56

-designed to prevent malicious packets from entering the network or computers.
-a firewall can be software based or hardware based. a software firewall runs as a program on a local computer to protect it against attacks, while hardware firewalls are separate devices that typically protect an entire network.
-allow, block, and prompt are the three possible actions of a typical firewall

Front 57

2 dangers with automated driveby hacking

Back 57

-can read traffic from outside the corporate/home walls
-can alspo send malicious traffic into the network

Front 58

6 forms of malicious code

Back 58

-computer virus
-worm
-logic bomb
-spyware
-adware
-pop up

Front 59

malicious code

Back 59

computer programs that are intentionally created to break into computers or to create chaos after the computers are accessed

Front 60

how a computer virus is created

Back 60

it is a program or code which secretly attaches itself to other programs. when the program executes, the virus is also executed. the virus may have instructions to erase the hard drive or cause the computer to continually crash.

Front 61

3 ways viruses have spread

Back 61

-Diskette (1996- majority of viruses)
-Email (2002- majority of viruses)
-Internet

Front 62

2 ways a computer worm is different from a virus

Back 62

- virus attaches itself to other computer document; however, worm does not attach to a host document in order to spread. a worm can travel by itelf.
- a virus needs a user to perform some type of action such as reading email. a worm is self-executing. a worm can start on its own without any action from the user.

Front 63

logic bomb

Back 63

computer program that lies 'asleep' until it is triggered by a specific event(remove a name from the payroll system may cause the system to shut down). this is a problem in corperate networks

Front 64

spyware

Back 64

hardware or software that spies on what the user is doing and captures the activities without the users knowlege.(comes in through internet)

Front 65

adware

Back 65

forcibly will redirect your web browser to sites that u have no intention of going to

Front 66

3 forms of internet security

Back 66

-anti-spam program
-web filter
-pop-up blocker

Front 67

3 examples of anti-spyware/adware programs

Back 67

-ms beta
-lavasoft adware
-spybot

Front 68

3 examples of anti-virus and diagnostic testing programs

Back 68

-norton
-mcafee security
-PC-doctor

Front 69

security difference between windows and mac

Back 69

-mac is safer because less people use it

Front 70

cookie

Back 70

small text file that a web server stores on your computer. cookie files typically contain data about u, such as ur user name or viewing preferences

Front 71

2 reasons why websites use cookies

Back 71

-store users passwords(so they do not have to enter it every time)
-keep track of items in a users shopping cart
store a users interest and browsing habits for target advertisements

Front 72

spam

Back 72

an unwanted email message or newsgroup posting sent to many recipients at once. span is known as internet junk mail

Front 73

phishing

Back 73

scam in which an official looking email message attempts to obtain your personal and financial information. instead of responding to the email, it is recommended that you visit the web site directly to determine if the request is valid

Front 74

anti-spam program

Back 74

attempts to remove spam before it reaches your emailbox

Front 75

pop-up blockers

Back 75

stops advertisements from displaying on wen pages and disables pop-up windows

Front 76

4 other steps to make your computer safer

Back 76

-update ur antivirus progam regularly
-if u are using windows xp, download SP2
-do not open an email attachment unless u are expecting the attachment and it is from trusted sources
-do not start a computer with removable media(CD, DVD, Floppy) in ur drives

Front 77

HTTP

Back 77

hypertext transfer protocol

Front 78

secure HTTP

Back 78

web addresses of secure sites begin with https instead of http. secure sites display a lock symbol on the status bar. many financial sites use https.

Front 79

3 examples of wireless internet providers

Back 79

-boingo (local hot spot)
-verizon (mobile broadband access)
-sprint (mobile broadband access)

Front 80

double-clicking

Back 80

open an application

Front 81

clicking twice

Back 81

rename a file

Front 82

requirements to naming a file

Back 82

file name can be at most 256 characters

Front 83

folder (directory)

Back 83

an area of a disk created by the user to store related groups of files

Front 84

root directory

Back 84

when we first prepare to use (format it), a single directory, called the root directory, is created

Front 85

5 uses of excel

Back 85

-organize data
-complete calculation
-make decisions
-create graphs
-perform preliminary data analysis

Front 86

3 major parts of excel

Back 86

-worksheets
-charts
-databases

Front 87

workbook in excel

Back 87

new workbook opens with 3 worksheets (u may increase the number of worksheets to 255)

Front 88

worksheet in excel

Back 88

inside the workbook are sheets. each sheet has 256 columns and 65536 rows

Front 89

fill handle in excel

Back 89

allows us to copy an already used function again

Front 90

2 types of addresses in excel

Back 90

-relative address
-absolute address

Front 91

relative address

Back 91

cell reference that shifts when u copy it to a new location (address is changing)

Front 92

absolute address

Back 92

cell reference that does not change when u copy it to a new location (address does not change)

Front 93

5 ways to improve your table in excel

Back 93

-font
-use functions
-add graph
-center ur title
-sort ur data

Front 94

adding tab color in excel

Back 94

add color to ur sheet by right-clicking on ur sheet tab. a menu will appear which can be used to add color to the sheet tab

Front 95

2 ways to get external data from a world wide website

Back 95

-download the data in spreadsheet format
-while in excel, we can run a WEB QUERY to retrieve data (mainly financial) stored on different WWW site

Front 96

2 different ways of getting math, stat, and financial functions

Back 96

-you can write the formula
-in excel, we can use the following operators
%, ^, *, /, +, -

-use excel functions (math, finance, statistics, etc functions)