100 Earth Science Facts

Front 1

(1) If pressure and temperature are constant, than the density of any substance, regardless of size is the...

Back 1

Same

Front 2

(2) As pressure increases on a solid or gas...

Back 2

Density increases

Front 3

(3) As temperature of matter increases, its density...

Back 3

Decreases (in an open system)

Front 4

(4) As water freezes, it...

Back 4

Expands

Front 5

(5) Many changes are...

Back 5

Cyclic (an event which repeats itself)

Front 6

(6) Water, when it is a liquid, is most dense at...

Back 6

4°C

Front 7

(7) The closer the way isolines are...

Back 7

The steeper the slope or gradient

Front 8

(8) When calculating percent deviation, the ________ value is the correct answer while the _________ value is subject to error.

Back 8

Accepted, Measured

Front 9

(9) Dynamic Equilibrium means...

Back 9

Balance

Front 10

(10) Earth _______ short waves (visible light) and and radiates long waves (infrared energy).

Back 10

Absorbs

Front 11

(11) The true shape of the Earth is an

Back 11

Oblate Sphere

Front 12

(12) The best model of Earth is a

Back 12

Perfect circle

Front 13

(13) The altitude of Polaris equals your

Back 13

Latitude

Front 14

(14) Latitude lines are drawn east-west and measure angular distance

Back 14

North and South

Front 15

(15) Longitude lines are drawn north-south, and measure angular distances

Back 15

East and West

Front 16

(16) Longitude is based on ovservations of the

Back 16

Sun

Front 17

(17) The Earth rotates from

Back 17

West to East (24 hours)

Front 18

(18) When viewed from the North Pole, the Earth revolves

Back 18

Counterclockwise

Front 19

(19) The sun appears to rise in the ____ and set in the ____

Back 19

East, West

Front 20

(20) The moon has phases because

Back 20

The moon revolves around us

Front 21

(21) Planets appear to go __________ as the Earth passes then in space)

Back 21

Backwards (retrograde)

Front 22

(22) Summer Solstice; Winter Solstice; Equinoxes

Back 22

June 21st, December 21st, March 21st and September 23rd

Front 23

(23) Stars appear to make a _________________ around Polaris, to an observer in the North Hemisphere facing North

Back 23

Complete circle

Front 24

(24) A blue shift is an object getting _______ to Earth, and a red shift is an object getting ____________

Back 24

Closer, farther away

Front 25

(25) Equator always has __ hours of daylight

Back 25

12

Front 26

(26) The lower the altitude of the sun, the _______ the shadows it casts

Back 26

Longer

Front 27

(27) __________________ results from the Earth's rotation

Back 27

The Coriolis Effect

Front 28

(28) Earth is _______ to the sun in the Winter

Back 28

Closer

Front 29

(29) The closer the planet is to the sun, the ______ its velocity

Back 29

Slower

Front 30

(30) The sun is one foci on an ________

Back 30

Ellipse

Front 31

(31) Black objects absorb energy and white objects _______

Back 31

Reflect

Front 32

(32) Apparent diameter of objects gets _______ when the object is closer to Earth

Back 32

Larger

Front 33

(33) Vertical rays only occur between

Back 33

23.5°N and 23.5°S

Front 34

(34) Remember this Chart!

Back 34

DATE (APPROXIMATE)LATITUDE OF SUN'S DIRECT RAYSDIRECTION OF SUNRISE AND SUNSETALTITUDE OF NOON SUNLENGTH OF DAYLIGHTSept. 23 (Autumnal Equinox)Equator (0°)Rises due East Sets due West48°12 hoursDecember 21 (Winter Solstice)Tropic of Capricorn(23.5°S)Rises in South East Sets in South West24.5° (lowest)8 hours (shortest day)March 21 (Vernal Equinox)Equator (0°)Rises due East Sets due West48°12 hoursJune 21 (Summer Solstice)Tropic of Cancer(23.5°N) Rises in North East Sets in North West71.5° (highest)16 hours ( longest day)

Front 35

(35) Winds curve to the _____ in the northern hemisphere and to the ____ in the southern hemisphere due to the earth rotation. Called the Coriolis Effect

Back 35

Right, Left

Front 36

(36) Energy moves from ______ to ____ : high to low

Back 36

Source to sink

Front 37

(37) Air moves clockwise and outward around a

Back 37

High

Front 38

(38) Air moves counterclockwise and inward around a

Back 38

Low

Front 39

(39) Good _________ of radiation are good radiators

Back 39

Absorbers

Front 40

(40) Hottest part of the year is in ____ in the Northern Hemisphere

Back 40

July

Front 41

(41) Hottest part of the day is after ________

Back 41

1:00pm

Front 42

(42) As temperature increases, air pressure _________

Back 42

Decreases

Front 43

(43) As atmospheric moisture (humidity) increases, atmospheric pressure

Back 43

Decreases

Front 44

(44) Air pressure ________ with altitude

Back 44

Decreases

Front 45

(45) Cooler and drier air generally exerts ______ pressure. Warm, moist air generally exerts ______ pressure.

Back 45

Higher; Lower

Front 46

(46) ____ is the result of pressure differences.

Back 46

Wind

Front 47

(47) Wind blows from ____ to ___ pressure

Back 47

High; Low

Front 48

(48) Wind is named for the _________ that it is coming from

Back 48

Direction

Front 49

(49) The closer the air temperature is to the dew point the _______ the chance for precipitation

Back 49

Greater

Front 50

(50) Weather moves from ____ to ____ in the United States

Back 50

West; East

Front 51

(51) Generally, with the passage of a cold front, the temperature and humidity _______, the pressure _____.

Back 51

Decreases; rises

Front 52

(52) Generally, with the passage of a warm front, the temperature and humidity increase, the pressure _______

Back 52

Decreases

Front 53

(53) _______ front is formed when a cold front overtakes a warm front.

Back 53

Occluded

Front 54

(54) ____ fronts move the fastest

Back 54

Cold

Front 55

(55) As air _____, it expands and cools

Back 55

Rises

Front 56

(56) ________ does not depend of particle size

Back 56

Porosity

Front 57

(57) As particle size increases, permeability ________

Back 57

Increases

Front 58

(58) Capillarity _________ when particle size decreases

Back 58

Increases

Front 59

(59) Ep (potential evapotranspiration) depends on ____________

Back 59

Temperature

Front 60

(60) Water bodies moderate ____________

Back 60

Temperature

Front 61

(61) Adiabatic cooling occurs as rising air _______

Back 61

Expands

Front 62

(62) Most surface water runoff occurs if ____________ rate exceeds permeability rate

Back 62

Precipitation

Front 63

(63) Chemical weathering dominates in _____________ climates.

Back 63

Warm, humid

Front 64

(64) Physical Weathering dominates in ________________ climates

Back 64

Cold, humid

Front 65

(65) _______ is the force that drives erosion

Back 65

Gravity

Front 66

(66) Streams are currently the number one agent of ________ in New York State

Back 66

Erosion

Front 67

(67) ______________ depends on slope and discharge.

Back 67

Stream velocity

Front 68

(68) Velocity is greatest on the outside of _______ bend

Back 68

Meander

Front 69

(69) Heavy, round and dense particle settle out _____

Back 69

First

Front 70

(70) Water sorts sediments by size __________

Back 70

Vertically

Front 71

(71) _______: earth's crust in equilibrium

Back 71

Isostasy

Front 72

(72) ___________ is a buried erosion surface that represents a gap in the rock record

Back 72

Unconformity

Front 73

(73) The four principal types of ________ pattern are related to the underlying regional geology. They are: Dendritic, Rectangular, Radial and Trellis

Back 73

Drainage

Front 74

(74) When a rock is broken into smaller pieces, surface area increases and weathering rate ________

Back 74

Increases

Front 75

(75) ________ properties depend on internal atomic arrangement

Back 75

Mineral

Front 76

(76) Ocean crust is thin, dense and _________

Back 76

Basaltic

Front 77

(77) ____________ crust is thick, less dense and granitic

Back 77

Continental

Front 78

(78) ____________ rocks commonly layered and almost all fossils form in sedimentary environments

Back 78

Sedimentary

Front 79

(79) Igneous rock: cools ____: small crystals; cools ____: large crystals.

Back 79

Fast: slow

Front 80

(80) _______________ banded-distorted structure.

Back 80

Metamorphic

Front 81

(81) The silicon (Si) oxygen (O) tetrahedron is the building block of silicate minerals, the most abundant mass in earth's _____

Back 81

Crust

Front 82

(82) ______________: steep slopes with sharp angles.

Back 82

Arid landscape

Front 83

(83) _________________: smooth with rounded slopes.

Back 83

Humid landscape

Front 84

(84) _______________ - new earth being created-sea floor spreading.

Back 84

Mid-ocean ridge

Front 85

(85) ________ - earth being destroyed - subduction zone.

Back 85

Trenches

Front 86

(86) P waves are _______ than S waves

Back 86

Faster

Front 87

(87) P-waves pass through liquids, solids and gases, S waves travel through ______ only

Back 87

Solids

Front 88

(88) You need _ seismometer stations to triangulate the epicenter of an earthquake

Back 88

3

Front 89

(89) ___________________ in the mantle moves plates

Back 89

Convection currents

Front 90

(90) The orientation of the Earth's magnetic field has _________ with time

Back 90

Reversed

Front 91

(91) _________________ states the earth's crust is broken into plates which can move

Back 91

Plate tectonics

Front 92

(92) Three main types of plate boundaries:

Back 92

Convergent, Divergent, Transform

Front 93

(93) Mountains form by _______

Back 93

Uplift

Front 94

(94) The half-life of a radioactive element can't be _______

Back 94

Changed

Front 95

(95) _____________ are good time markers

Back 95

Index fossils

Front 96

(96) ________________ - bottom layer is oldest

Back 96

Undisturbed strata

Front 97

(97) Intrusion and faults are ________ than the rock they are in

Back 97

Younger

Front 98

(98) Uranium 238 dates ___ rocks

Back 98

Old

Front 99

(99) Carbon 14 dates _______ living objects

Back 99

Recent

Front 100

(100) Use your __________________________! This is one of the most important tools in your test taking arsenal.

Back 100

Earth Science Reference Tables