10 - Pharm - Pancreatic Hormones, Antidiabetics And Hyperglycemics

Front 1

What do alpha cells in the pancreas produce?

Back 1

Glucagon

Front 2

What do beta cells in the pancreas produce?

Back 2

Insulin

Front 3

Where are beta cells found in the pancreas?

Back 3

Islets of Langerhans

Front 4

What do delta cells in the pancreas produce?

Back 4

Somatostatin

Front 5

Product of proinsulin cleavage used to assess insulin abuse

Back 5

C-peptide

Front 6

Exogenous insulin contains

Back 6

Little C-peptide

Front 7

Endogenous insulin contains

Back 7

Normal C-peptide

Front 8

Very rapid acting insulin, having fastest onset and shortest duration of action

Back 8

Lispro (Humalog), aspart, glulisine

Front 9

Rapid acting, crystalline zinc insulin used to reverse acute hyperglycemia

Back 9

Regular (Humulin R)

Front 10

Long acting insulin

Back 10

Ultralente (humulin U)

Front 11

Ultra long acting insulin, has over a day duration of action

Back 11

Glargine (Lantus), detemir

Front 12

Major SE of insulin

Back 12

Hypoglycemia

Front 13

Important in synthesis of glucose to glycogen in the liver

Back 13

GLUT 2

Front 14

Important in muscle and adipose tissue for glucose transport across muscles and TG storage by lipoprotein lipase activation

Back 14

GLUT 4

Front 15

Examples of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGI)

Back 15

Acarbose, miglitol

Front 16

MOA of AGI's

Back 16

Act on intestine, delay digestion and absorption of glucose formed from digestion of starch and disacchrides

Front 17

SE of AGI's

Back 17

Flatulence (do not use beano to tx), diarrhea, abdominal cramps

Front 18

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor associated with elevation of LFT's

Back 18

Acarbose

Front 19

Amino acid derivative, active as an insulin secretagogue

Back 19

Nateglinide

Front 20

MOA of nateglinide

Back 20

Insulin secretagogue - closes ATP-sensitive K+ channel

Front 21

Biguanide

Back 21

Metformin

Front 22

Drugs available in combination with metformin

Back 22

Glyburide, glipizide, and rosiglitazone

Front 23

MOA of metformin

Back 23

Decreases hepatic glucose production and intestinal glucose absorption; increase insulin sensitivity

Front 24

Vascular effects of metformin

Back 24

Decreased micro and macro vascular disease

Front 25

Most important potential SE of metformin

Back 25

Lactic acidosis

Front 26

Incidence of hyoglycemia with metformin

Back 26

None

Front 27

Meglitinide class of drugs

Back 27

Repaglinide

Front 28

MOA of repaglinide

Back 28

Insulin release from pancreas; faster and shorter acting than sulfonylurea

Front 29

First generation sulfonylurea

Back 29

Chlorpropamide, tolbutamide, tolazamide, etc.

Front 30

Second generation sulfonylurea

Back 30

Glyburide, glipizide, glimepiride, etc.

Front 31

MOA of both generations

Back 31

Insulin release from pancreas by modifying K+ channels

Front 32

Common SE of sulfonylureas, repaglinide, and nateglinide

Back 32

Hypoglycemia

Front 33

Sulfonylurea NOT recommended for elderly because of very long half life

Back 33

Chlorpropamide

Front 34

Thiazolidinediones

Back 34

Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone, Troglitazone (withdrawn/d from market)

Front 35

Reason troglitazone was withdrawn from market

Back 35

Hepatic toxicity

Front 36

MOA of thiazolindinediones

Back 36

Stimulate PPAR-gamma receptor to regulate CHO and lipid metabolism

Front 37

SE of Thiazolindinediones

Back 37

Edema, mild anemia; interaction with drugs that undergo CytP450 3A4 metabolism

Front 38

Hyperglycemic agent that increases cAMP and results in glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, reverses hypoglycemia, also used to reverse severe beta-blocker overdose and smooth muscle relaxation

Back 38

Glucagon

Front 39

Rapid acting insulins that do not self-aggregate

Back 39

lispro insulin, aspart insulin, glulisine insulin

Front 40

Peakless ling acting insulin

Back 40

Insulin glargine