Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
how many bases haploid genome
|
3 billion
|
|
|
how many genes, compare to proteins
|
25k genes, 100k proteins
|
|
|
within genes ratio exons: introns
|
24% is intron, 1-2% are exons
|
|
|
exome
|
all of the exons (so 1-2%). what you actually want to look at
|
|
|
what happens in nucleus
|
primary transcript, post-transcriptional events to remove introns, makes mature mRNA that gets sent out
|
|
|
where are repetitive elements found?
how many? two examples- benefit |
intergenic regions, centromere/telomeres, introns
35% SINEs short interspersed repeat elements like Alu. 600k copies per haploid makes it easier to do recombinant cross overs during meiosis LINE's long """" L1 (reverse transcriptase) might be retrovirus egg/chicken. dangerous so these are dead except for in germ lines and fetuses, so twins can be different in brain |
|
|
what are CNV's
|
copy number variations. segments that repeat in a row-- these tend to vary among people
12% of genome includes indels and aneuploidy (abnormal number of chromosomes) |
|
|
sometimes genes just make
|
RNA only products
|
|
|
SNP's
|
single nucleotide differences aka polymorphisms
very common. |
|
|
the CNV analysis they did
|
showed alpha amylase gene. we make a lot of alpha amylase and eat a lot of starch. chimps have 2.
|
|
|
RNA only Genes: 6
|
rRNA
tRNA spliceosome signal sequence (transport to cell surface) miRNA siRNA (these two regulate) |
|
|
trends of mRNA and actual protein
|
use more than 1 exon. first and last exon the largest. introns vary.
1 less intron than exons. |
|
|
geneticists care about which strand?
|
nontemplate because it's same as RNA sequence
|
|
|
translation is
|
5' to 3' 5' is upstream.
|
|
|
promoter
|
binds RNA Pol
|
|
|
are all of exons translated?
|
No. there are 5' and 3' UTR's
untranslated region |
|
|
initiator codons
|
ATG or AUG. Met. Usually cut off
|
|
|
common domains
|
signal peptide for transport
TM transmembrane domain cytoplasmic domain: par that stays in cytoplasm |
|
|
similar domains tend to be close/far away
|
right next to each other
|
|
|
what the the stop codons
|
TAG TAA UGA
|
|
|
what's first part of trxn
|
add 5' CAP. a GTP in reverse orientation so that the phosphates are between the G and the first bases to protect it from degradation and to associate with ribosome
|
|
|
why do u need cleavage and poly A?
|
the RNA pol just goes on however long it wants and extra must be cleaved. Cleavage is at AAUAAA and then a's added there. poly a protects from degradation
|
|
|
what marks the introns
|
GU and AG are first and last in intron. other sequences factor but these are guaranteed
|
