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40 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
what are the two main motions that occur in the sagittal plane?
flexion and extension
the frontal plane divides the body into what halves?
front and back
what type of movements occur in frontal plane?
side-to-side or lateral/medial movements.
what are the specific movements that occur in the frontal plane?
abduction, adduction
radial/ulnar deviation (radial-moving hand up. ulnar-moving hand down)
lateral flexion (moving torso or head to one side or the other)
Inversion/eversion (inversion-moving ankle in. eversion- moving ankle out)
flexion and extension of thumb
the transverse (horizontal) plane divides body into...
upper and lower halves
the movements in the transverse plane occur ________ to ground.

what are some examples?
parallel

rotary motions, horizontal abduction/adduction
flexion--
movement in the sagittal plane, FROM anatomical position
extension-
movement in the sagittal plane, BACK to anatomical position
Abduction-
movement in the frontal plane, AWAY from the midline of the body segment.
Adduction-
movment in the frontal plane, TOWARD the midline of the body
External rotation--
movement in the transverse plan. reference point turns AWAY from the midline of the body.
Internal rotation--
movement in the transverse plane, reference point turns TOWARD the midline of the body.
horizontal abduction/adduction
movement in the transferse plane, away/toward the midline of the body.
lateral flexion--
movment in the frontal plane, away from the midline of the body (neck/ trunk)
Inversion
foot movement, reference segment moves TOWARD midline
Eversion
foot movement, reference segment moves AWAY from midline
SUPINATION. what are the 3 movements that make up this?
foot movement (triplanar).

inversion, horizontal adduction, plantar flexion

forearm movement- turning the palm of the hand up.
PRONATION. what are the 3 movements that make up this?
foot movment (triplanar)

eversion, horizontal abduction, dorsi flexion
plantar flexion--
foot movement towards the plantar surface
Dorsi flexion--
foot movement towards the dorsal surface
JOINTS

2 broad categories...
Synathroses (nonsynovial joints)-- non-movable

Diarthroses (synovial joints)--movable
what are the 2 types of synarthroses?
fibrous and cartilaginous
what are the 3 types of fibrous joints
suture, syndesmosis, Gomphosis
SUTURE

as we age the bones grow together to form a _______ where little or no movement is possible
synostosis
SYNDESMOSIS

type of fibrous joint in which two bones are joined directly by a _______, _______ or __________ membrane
ligament, cord, aponeurotic
what is a aponeurotic membrane?
ex--the shaft of the tibia is directly joined to the shaft of the fibula by a membrane. Only a slight amount of movement is available.
GOMPHOSIS

the two bony components are adapted to each other like a peg in a hole.

the two components are connected by ______ tissue.
fibrous.

only example--bony socket of the mandible or maxilla
what are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints?
symphysis and synchondrosis
symphysis-- the two bony components are directly joined by _________ in the form of disks or plates.

Example...
fibrocartilage
symphysis pubis
Synchondrosis--there are two types...
permanent and temporary.
example of permanent synchondosis.
cartilage around sternum for rib attachment.
example of temporary synchondrosis
epiphyseal plates which ossify as you reach skeletal maturity.
a permanent synchondrosis is a joint in which the material used for connecting the two components is ____ growth cartilage.
hyaline.
what is the difference between Diarthroses and synarthroses?
Diarthrodial joints are free to move in relation to one another because no cartilaginous tissue directly connects adjacent bony surfaces.
the bony components are indirectly connected to one another by means of a ________ ______ that encolses the joint
joint capsule.
what are the 5 features of synovial joints?
1- a joint capsule
2- a joint cavity that is enclosed by the joint capsule.
3- a synovial membrane that lines the inner surface of the capsule
4- synovial fluid
5- hyaline cartilage that covers the joint surfaces.
what are the 3 types of axes?
monaxial
biaxial
triaxial
monaxial permits movement in ____ plane.

what are the types?
one

hinge (pivot)
Biaxial permits movement in ____ panes.

what are the types?
two

gliding, condyloid, saddle
triaxial permits movement in _____ planes

type?
three

ball and socket