Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what are the two main motions that occur in the sagittal plane?
|
flexion and extension
|
|
the frontal plane divides the body into what halves?
|
front and back
|
|
what type of movements occur in frontal plane?
|
side-to-side or lateral/medial movements.
|
|
what are the specific movements that occur in the frontal plane?
|
abduction, adduction
radial/ulnar deviation (radial-moving hand up. ulnar-moving hand down) lateral flexion (moving torso or head to one side or the other) Inversion/eversion (inversion-moving ankle in. eversion- moving ankle out) flexion and extension of thumb |
|
the transverse (horizontal) plane divides body into...
|
upper and lower halves
|
|
the movements in the transverse plane occur ________ to ground.
what are some examples? |
parallel
rotary motions, horizontal abduction/adduction |
|
flexion--
|
movement in the sagittal plane, FROM anatomical position
|
|
extension-
|
movement in the sagittal plane, BACK to anatomical position
|
|
Abduction-
|
movement in the frontal plane, AWAY from the midline of the body segment.
|
|
Adduction-
|
movment in the frontal plane, TOWARD the midline of the body
|
|
External rotation--
|
movement in the transverse plan. reference point turns AWAY from the midline of the body.
|
|
Internal rotation--
|
movement in the transverse plane, reference point turns TOWARD the midline of the body.
|
|
horizontal abduction/adduction
|
movement in the transferse plane, away/toward the midline of the body.
|
|
lateral flexion--
|
movment in the frontal plane, away from the midline of the body (neck/ trunk)
|
|
Inversion
|
foot movement, reference segment moves TOWARD midline
|
|
Eversion
|
foot movement, reference segment moves AWAY from midline
|
|
SUPINATION. what are the 3 movements that make up this?
|
foot movement (triplanar).
inversion, horizontal adduction, plantar flexion forearm movement- turning the palm of the hand up. |
|
PRONATION. what are the 3 movements that make up this?
|
foot movment (triplanar)
eversion, horizontal abduction, dorsi flexion |
|
plantar flexion--
|
foot movement towards the plantar surface
|
|
Dorsi flexion--
|
foot movement towards the dorsal surface
|
|
JOINTS
2 broad categories... |
Synathroses (nonsynovial joints)-- non-movable
Diarthroses (synovial joints)--movable |
|
what are the 2 types of synarthroses?
|
fibrous and cartilaginous
|
|
what are the 3 types of fibrous joints
|
suture, syndesmosis, Gomphosis
|
|
SUTURE
as we age the bones grow together to form a _______ where little or no movement is possible |
synostosis
|
|
SYNDESMOSIS
type of fibrous joint in which two bones are joined directly by a _______, _______ or __________ membrane |
ligament, cord, aponeurotic
|
|
what is a aponeurotic membrane?
|
ex--the shaft of the tibia is directly joined to the shaft of the fibula by a membrane. Only a slight amount of movement is available.
|
|
GOMPHOSIS
the two bony components are adapted to each other like a peg in a hole. the two components are connected by ______ tissue. |
fibrous.
only example--bony socket of the mandible or maxilla |
|
what are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints?
|
symphysis and synchondrosis
|
|
symphysis-- the two bony components are directly joined by _________ in the form of disks or plates.
Example... |
fibrocartilage
symphysis pubis |
|
Synchondrosis--there are two types...
|
permanent and temporary.
|
|
example of permanent synchondosis.
|
cartilage around sternum for rib attachment.
|
|
example of temporary synchondrosis
|
epiphyseal plates which ossify as you reach skeletal maturity.
|
|
a permanent synchondrosis is a joint in which the material used for connecting the two components is ____ growth cartilage.
|
hyaline.
|
|
what is the difference between Diarthroses and synarthroses?
|
Diarthrodial joints are free to move in relation to one another because no cartilaginous tissue directly connects adjacent bony surfaces.
|
|
the bony components are indirectly connected to one another by means of a ________ ______ that encolses the joint
|
joint capsule.
|
|
what are the 5 features of synovial joints?
|
1- a joint capsule
2- a joint cavity that is enclosed by the joint capsule. 3- a synovial membrane that lines the inner surface of the capsule 4- synovial fluid 5- hyaline cartilage that covers the joint surfaces. |
|
what are the 3 types of axes?
|
monaxial
biaxial triaxial |
|
monaxial permits movement in ____ plane.
what are the types? |
one
hinge (pivot) |
|
Biaxial permits movement in ____ panes.
what are the types? |
two
gliding, condyloid, saddle |
|
triaxial permits movement in _____ planes
type? |
three
ball and socket |