1. Pharm Intro

Front 1

Most drugs interact via receptor-mediated or nonreceptor-mediated mechanisms?

Back 1

receptor-mediated

Front 2

Which theory predicts that the magnitude of response is proportional to the number of drug-receptor complexes formed?

Back 2

occupation theory

Front 3

Term: this has both affinity and intrinsic activity to produce its own effects

Back 3

agonist

Front 4

2 types of agonists

Back 4

full or partial agonists

Front 5

2 types of antagonists

Back 5

compet. or noncompetitive

Front 6

Term: this has affinity but not intrinsic activity (can't produce its own effects)

Back 6

antagonist

Front 7

What are 2 types of antagonism separate form comp/noncomp antagonism?

Back 7

physiological and chemical antagonism

Front 8

9 factors influencing drug distrib

Back 8

blood flow, organ size, solubility factor, plasma-protein binding, barriers (BBB), enterohepatic circulation/cycling, biological halflife, storage of drugs, redistrib of drgs

Front 9

Where does first-pass drug biotransformation occur

Back 9

liver

Front 10

Why do we convert the x axis from dose to log dose?

Back 10

produces a linear portion of a sigmoid curve, so you can compare drugs

Front 11

What happens to drugs after phase 1 metabolism P450?

Back 11

they become more polar (redox, hydrolysis)

Front 12

What happens during phase 2 metabolism?

Back 12

conjugation to glucuronide

Front 13

What values determine the Therapeutic Index (TI)

Back 13

LD50 and ED50

Front 14

term: dose that produces a quantal effect (all or nothing) in 50% of the population that takes it

Back 14

ED50 effective dose

Front 15

6 types of cardiovascular medications

Back 15

1. Cardiac glycosides; 2. Antiarrthymic agents; 3. Antianginal drugs; 4. Antihypertensive agents; 5. Antihyperlipidemics; 6. Anticoagulants

Front 16

Drugs used to treat congestive heart failure (CHF)

Back 16

cardiac glycosides

Front 17

Digoxin (Lanoxin) is what type of drug? trt for what?

Back 17

cardiac glycoside; CHF

Front 18

digoxin (Lanoxin) mech

Back 18

increases forces and efficiency (less O2 needed) of myocardial contraction

Front 19

Along with CHF, what other disorder is often treated with digoxin? Why?

Back 19

arrhythmias; slows impulse conduction by decreasing SA node rate

Front 20

T/F digoxin has a large margin of saftey.

Back 20

False - narrow margin of safety...GI/CNS/arrhythmias

Front 21

T/F drug interactions with digoxin are common

Back 21

true - diuretics, epi

Front 22

Antiarrhymic drug that decreases myocardial excitability/activity, conduction velolcity, and automaticity, increasing refractory pd length

Back 22

quinidine [mosquito buzzing arrythymically]

Front 23

T/F Quinidine is a narrow-spectrum antiarrhythmic drug

Back 23

FALSE - broad spectrum

Front 24

Which antiarrhymic drug has atropine (cholinergic) and antiadrenergic properties?

Back 24

quinidine

Front 25

A large dose of which antiarrhythmic drug causes cinchonism (sweaty, vom, headaches), hypersensitivity, and hypotension?

Back 25

quinidine

Front 26

What CVD is lidocaine used to treat?

Back 26

arrhythmia - ventricular premature beat, tachycardia

Front 27

Which drug is commonly used in emergency situations to control arrhymias (e.g. pt recovering from cardiac surgery)

Back 27

lidocaine

Front 28

Propranolol drug type, mechanism

Back 28

non-selective adrenergic beta blocker in heart; Block catecholamines (epi) from binding beta receptors, decreasing heart's O2 need.

Front 29

Which drug is used in arrhythmias (digoxin-induced, sinus tachycardia, atrial flutter/fib)

Back 29

propranolol

Front 30

Which drug class is used primarily as an antihypertensive, but is also used as antiarrhymtic?

Back 30

Ca2+-channel blockers

Front 31

E.g of a calcium-channel blocker

Back 31

verapamil

Front 32

TQ When used as an antiarrhythmic agent, verapamil causes what? Implications?

Back 32

hypotension; vessels can enlarge which is bad for dentistry TQ

Front 33

These drugs reduce the workload of the heart, lowering the oxygen requirement of the myocardium

Back 33

ANTIANGINAL DRUGS

Front 34

Classes of antianginal drugs (3)

Back 34

1. Organic nitrates/nitrites; 2. Beta-adrenergic blockers; 3. Calcium channel blockers

Front 35

Which anginal drugs are highly lipid soluble and are commonly used?

Back 35

organic nitrates/nitrites

Front 36

What is the most commonly used organic nitrate drug? mechanism?

Back 36

nitroglycerine; relaxes coronary vessels

Front 37

Which organic nitrite drug is volatile and used for inhalation to treat angina emergencies (fast-acting)?

Back 37

amyl nitrite

Front 38

Describe the mech. of organic nitrates/nitrites

Back 38

Organic nitrates/nitrites --> NO --> activates Guanylate cyclase --> cGMP --> vasodilation

Front 39

Which antianginal drug should be in every dental office emergency kit?

Back 39

organic nitrates/nitrites

Front 40

TF long term organic nitrate use can lead to tolerance.

Back 40

TRUE

Front 41

Which drugs are particularly effective in reducing exercise/stress-induced anginal attacks?

Back 41

beta blockers

Front 42

Calcium channel blocker mechanism

Back 42

inhibit calcium entry into cells during contraction of blood vessels and myocardium

Front 43

Which specific calcium channel blocker has the greatest VASCULAR effect?

Back 43

nifedipine

Front 44

Which specific calcium channel blocker has the greatest MYOCARDIAL effect?

Back 44

verapamil

Front 45

Calcium channel blocker side effects: can cause hypertension or hypotension?

Back 45

hypotension

Front 46

Calcium channel blocker side effects: can verapamil cause bradycardia or tachycardia?

Back 46

bradycardia

Front 47

Oral adverse effects of calcium channel blockers

Back 47

gingival enlargement, dysgeusia, xerostomia