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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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• #1 cause of nosocomial infections
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Mycology
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yeast is parasitic or saprophytic
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Parasitic
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mold is parasitic or saprophytic and grows outside the body at __ degrees
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saprophytic
25 degrees |
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exozyme acts like
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lysozyme and is released by fungi to break down human cells
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yeast is unicellular / multicellular =
mold is multicellular |
unicellular
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Mold is unicellular / multicellular =
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multicellular
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the only capsulated fungus is
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Cryptococcus neoformans
which is best stained with |
india ink
best bested with latex agglutination |
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aspergillis forms at ___ angles
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acute
45 |
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mucomycosis forms at ____ degree angles (diabetic ketoacidosis)
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90
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(HSR IV, skin test) for what 3 fungals:
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• histoplasma
• coccidioides • blastomycosis |
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pyogenic reactions by fungi (increased neutrophils)
for what 3 fungals: |
• sporothrix
• mucor • aspergillis |
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Aspergillis produces what toxin =
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aflatoxin which damages =
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hepatocytes -> Hepatoma due to p53 mutation by aflatoxin B1. Found on spoiled grains and peanuts.
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aspergillis produces aflatoxin which damages hepatocytes -> Hepatoma due to =
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p53 mutation by aflatoxin B1. Found on =
2ct |
spoiled grains
peanuts. |
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Grow fungi on _______ agar.
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SABOURAUD
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Superficial Mycoses
4ct |
Pityriasis Versicolor
Tinea Nigra Black Piedra White Piedra |
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Cutaneous Mycoses
5ct |
Dermatophytosis
Tinea Pedis (athlete’s foot) Tinea Unguium Tinea Corporis, Cruris, Manus Tinea Capitis, Barbae |
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Subcutaneous Mycoses
4ct |
Sporotrichosis
Chromoblastomycosis Phaeohyphomycosis Mycetoma |
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Endemic Mycoses
4ct |
Coccidioidomycosis
Histoplasmosis Blastomycosis Paracoccidioidomycosis |
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Opportunistic Mycoses
6ct |
Candidiasis
Cryptococcosis Aspergillosis Mucormycosis Pneumocystis pneumonia Penicilliosis |
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Most common protozoan infection in US is
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giardiasis
followed by trichomonas vaginalis |
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Trophozoid stage
2ct |
• Pathogenesis
• Feeding/motile stage |
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Cystic stage
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• Infective/diagnostic stage
• Resistant info+ |
Female parasites are more harmful than males
Majority of protozoa are associated with intestinal and urogenital infections |
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• Amoebic dysentery, bloody diarrhea, liver abscess
• Anchovy like paste in liver abscess • Eosinophils increased, IgE increased |
Entamoeba
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Entamoeba
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• Amoebic dysentery, bloody diarrhea, liver abscess
• Anchovy like paste in liver abscess • Eosinophils increased, IgE increased |
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• Explosive diarrhea
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Giardiasis
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Giardiasis
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• Explosive diarrhea
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• Diarrhea in AIDS pts.
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Cryptosporidium
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• Recurrent diarrhea in AIDS pts, homo males
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Isospora belli
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Jarisch herxheimer reaction is
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when parasite dies; toxins are released into the tissue
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Mechanism of parasite infection
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TNF
IL1 IL6 |
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To diagnose a parasite use
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a stool culture.
• Most common finding are = |
cysts
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_______ most infective stage of the parasite inside the human.
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Cyst stage
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• Attack organs -> immune system generated
• New cysts/adults formed that are resistant to immune system • Pts. who cannot eradicate parasite become carriers |
Protozoa diseases
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Toxoplasma gondii multiplies =
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asexually
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Plasmodium multiplies
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sexually
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Entamoeba histolytica
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• Amebic dysentery
• Liver abscess -> death o Indigestion of fat -> steatorrhea o Jaundice o Increase in AST/ALT -> more than 200 • Contaminated water, poor hygiene • Homo males STI • Cystic stage has spherical shape, 1-4 nuclei, central keriosome, diagnostic stage • Fecal oral route -> mature cysts or eggs ingested -> GI tract multiplication -> liver • Amebic liver abscess o Metastasis from intestinal infection -> enlarging liver mass -> RUQ pain -> bile duct obstruction -> jaundice -> lung atelectasis, consolidation, pleural effusion |
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