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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CAPVT XXIV
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Ablative Absolute; Passive Periphrastic; Dative of Agent
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ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE
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type of participial phrase consisting of a noun (or pronoun) and a modifying participle in the ablative case which describes some general circumstance under which the action of the sentence occurs:
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Roma visa, viri gaudebant.
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Rome having been seen, the men were rejoicing.
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the noun of the ablative absolute phrase is
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not referred to at all in the attached clause; compare above with:
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Romam videntes, viri gaudebant.
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Seeing Rome, the men were rejoicing. In this instance the participle modifies the subject of the main clause, and so an ablative absolute is not used.
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His rebus auditis, coepit timere.
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These things having been heard, he began to be afraid.
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Eo imperium tenente, eventum timeo.
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With him holding the power, I fear the outcome. [OR Since he holds the power; Although he holds the power; When he holds the power]
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Caesare duce, nihil timebimus.
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Caesar (being) the commander, we shall fear nothing. [OR Under Caesar's command; Since Caeser is the commander]
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Caesare incerto, bellum timebamus.
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Since Caesar was uncertain (with Caesar uncertain), we were afraid of war.
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THE PASSIVE PERIPHRASTIC
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a passive verb form consisting of the GERUNDIVE, a common term for the future passive participle, along with a form of sum to convey an idea of necessary, obligatory, or appropriate action, rather than simple futurity:
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haec femina laudanda est
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This woman is to be praised.
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id faciendum est
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this has to be (must/should be) done [not simply This is (about) to be done]
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this had to be done
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id faciendum erat
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DATIVE OF AGENT
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Instead of the ablative of agent, the DATIVE OF AGENT is used with the passive periphrastic.
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Hic liber mihi cum cura legendus erit.
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This book will have to be read by me with care or (better) I will have to (ought to, must, should) read this book with care.
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Illa femina omnibus laudanda est.
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That woman should be praised by all -OR- Everyone should praise that woman.
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Peace had to be sought by our leaders or our leaders had to seek peace.
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Pax ducibus nostris petenda erat.
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