1 Fundamentals - Medication Administration A

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the name selected by a pharmaceutical company selling the drug is the drugs

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Trade Name

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the process by which a drug is transferred from its site of entry in the body to the bloodstream is called

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absorption

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substances that alter physiologic function

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drugs

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a drug administered for its therapeutic effect is called

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medication

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the study that deals with chemcials that affect the bodys functioning is called

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pharmacology

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who is liscenced to prepare sell and dispense drugs

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pharmacist

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place where drugs are prepared and dispensed

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pharmacy

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a communication to medication plans to others is a

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prescription

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the treatment of disease with medication is called

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pharmocotherapeutics

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in 1906 what was set up to control the sale and use of drugs, designated the USP and NF as the official drug standard in US

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Pure Food and Drug Act

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new drugs must be tested by drug companies and enforced by the FDA under the

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1938 Fedaeral Food Drug and Cosmetic Act

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what regulates the distribution of Narcotics

the drugs are catergorized according to use and potential for abuse

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1970 Federal Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act

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name the controlled substance categories

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schedule 1
schedule 2
schedule 3-5

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controlled substance category

high potential for abuse, NO telephone orders NO refills. WRITTEN Rx
and LABELING required

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Schedule 2

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These drugs are not used medically. research purposes only. HIGH potential for abuse.

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Schedule 1

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heroin is an example of what category

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category 1

research only

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Lower abuse potential. Refills every 6 months. Labeling required. Written Rx

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Category 3-5

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morphine
codeine
anti depressents
are what category of controlled substance?

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category 2

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drugs with less codeine like tylenol (w/cod) are considered what category

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category 3

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drugs that are less of a narcotic like Darvan are what category

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category 4

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cough medicine with codeine is considered what category

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category 5

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the chemical composition is also known as a drugs

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chemical name

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the manufactorer who first developed a drug gives it the

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generic name

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a drug listed in the USP-NF is under its

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official name

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name under which drug is marketed and copyrighted, may have several

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trade name

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drugs affecting one part of the body are called

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local drugs

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drugs affecting the entire body are called

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systemic drugs

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3 ways drugs are classified

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1 - effects on body systems
2- symptoms med relieves
3- desired effect (l vs s)

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EC stands for what for a drug

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enteric coated

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TR stands for what for a drug

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time release

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how drugs are absorbed, distributed , metabolized and excreted is known as

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pharmokinetics

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process by which a drug is transferred from site of entry to blood stream , factors influence route, solubility, bloodflow, ph

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absorption

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higher the blood flow = faster the absorption

t/f

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true

i.e. muscle injections

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slowest absorption is done

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orally

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fastest obsorption is done

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intravenously (IV VEIN)

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subcutaneous, intramuscclar, intradermal, iv, intraarterial, intracardial, intraperitoneal, intraspinal and intraosseous are all WHAT KIND OF ABSORPTION

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Parenteral

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vaginal, rectal,skin application is what kind of absorption

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topical

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pulmonary absoprtion example is an

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inhaler

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enteral
sublingual
buccal

what kinds of absoprtion

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oral

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drug movement to its site of action after it is absorbed and distributed through the body?

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distribution

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what factors influence distribuiton

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blood flow to tissues
ability to leave blood stream
ability to enter cells
barriers, blood brain placental

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when a drug is changed from original to new form ... LIVER is primary site of this ...

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metabolism

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factors influence metabolism

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liver, kidney, lung health
age, genetics, drugs, hepatic first pass

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drug is eliminated from the body - KIDNEYS are the site , Kidneys are the most important form ....

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excretion

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other forms of excretion are

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lungs - inhalant
intestines - through bile
exocrine glands - sweat, saliva

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with age increase - metabolism slows down and drugs stay in system longer until kidney eliminates drug

t.f

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true

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process by which drugs alter cell physiology and affect the body is called

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pharmacodyanics

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factors influencing drug action on cells

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development
weight
gender
psychological
pathology
environment
timingof administration

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things harmfful to fetus during pregnancy are called

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tratogenic

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children are prescribed medication based on what factor

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weight

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most research have been done on men or women?

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men

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patients expectations and stress deals with what kind of factors

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psychological

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the prescence of a disease is called

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pathology

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altitude
hot/cold
quiet or noisy

PT John feels cold in his room, this is an example of what kinda factor

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environmental

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the time it takes for 50 percent of the drug to be eliminated is called the

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serum half life

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time to produce a response is called

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onset

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time of highest concentration, when absorption is Complete is called

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peak

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minimum concentration, 30 minutes before next dose is called

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trough

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No 2 patients will respond to medication in the exact same manner

t./f

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true

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a desired action (To get rid of infection)
is called a

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therapeutic action

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not intended action, undesirable with adverse effects is called a

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secondary action

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relieves symptomns but not disease is called

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palliative

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what action of drug cures the disease such as an antibiotic

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curative

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action of drug helps the body function such as motrin

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supportive

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what action of drug replaces body fluids such as insulin

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substitutive

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name the six primary action of drugs

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palliative
curative
supportive
substitutive
chemotherapeutic
restorative

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what action of drug destroys cancer cells

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chemotherapuetic

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what action of drug returns the body to health such as vitamins

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restorative

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any other action of medication
may be unpredicatable or unusual
side effects, toxic effects, adverse, drug dependance, alelrgice reactions

is called

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secondary action

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uncomfortable symptoms that can be tolerated , predictable

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side effects

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endangers health, risk for permanant damage or death. occurs from cumulative effect due to poor metabolism or excretion

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toxic effects

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unexpected, abnormal, peculiar, patient has a unique response, over or under responses

this is called

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idiosynchrantic reactions

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what is a decreased physiological response, the body becomes accustomed to effects of a particular drug over period of time...then needs larger doses to work

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drug tolerance

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the most serious reaction, constriction of bronchiolar muscles, edema of pharanxy and larynx wheezing, shortness of breath

this is LIFE THREATENING - requires intervention to prevent death or permanent impairment

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anaphylactic reaction

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what causes rash, pruritus, fever rhinitis, minor to severe, drug seen as foreign substance

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allergic reaction

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what program reports adverse reactions to a national database to collect data

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1960 medwatch

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intense physical or emotional disturbance if drug stopped...this is addiction

ex) narcotics

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drug dependance

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action modified by a second drug, food or another substance taken at the same time ...less or greater

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drug interactions

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RN diagnoses related to medications are

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constipation
defficient knowledge
sexual dysfunction related to adverse
effects of antihypertensive drugs

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a patient is taking a sublingual nitroglycerin tablet - this should be placed

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Under the tongue

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the name selected by pharmaceutical company selling the drug is the drugs

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trade name

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the process by which a drug is tranfered from site of entry into the bodyto the bloodstream

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absorption

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medication administed to a PT who emigrated from asia - what should we consider about the effects of meds

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unexpected side effects may occur as result of slower metabolism

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PT has immjediate reaction to dose of gentamycin I.E. hypotension - bronchospasms and rapid, thready pulse - which would be the drug of choice?

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Epinephrine
Antihystamines
Bronchodilators

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the route of drug administration that is considered PARENTERAL are

parenteral is an INJECTION

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intravenous (IV)
intramuscular
subcutaneous

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Colace is PPO and can be administered

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orally
rectally