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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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classical endocrine glands
7 (All The Good 4Pussy) |
Adrenals
Thyroid Gonads Pituitary Pancreas Pineal Placenta |
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Nonclassical Endocrine Glands
8 (Bring Us All Some Heavy Green Leafy Kush) |
Brain
Uterus Adipose Skin Heart Gastrointestinal (GI) tract Liver Kidneys |
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Features of Endocrine Glands
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Ductless--> blood supply
vascularized small |
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classical hormone requirements
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produced by an organ in small amount (low blood concentration)
released into bloodstream specific action exerted far away |
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Tropic hormones
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regulate the function of other endocrine system organs
hypothalamus and pituitary can coordinate endocrine throughout the body -->Complex neuroendocrine pathways |
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Nontropic hormones
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direct effect on nonendocrine organs
--> Simple neuroendocrine pathways |
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has both tropic and nontropic actions
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GH
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Hormones derived from single amino acids
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Amines
Thyroid hormones |
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Circhoral
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released every hour
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Ultradian
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released every ~ 1-24 hrs
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Quotidian (diurnal)
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daily
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Circatrigintan
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released monthly
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Circannual
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seasonal
takes place on a yearly basis |
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these types of hormones can Circulate freely
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amines
peptides proteins - growth hormone binding protein (GHBP) in the plasma - IGF binding proteins in the plasma |
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these types of hormones need carrier
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steroids
thyroids |
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Specific transport proteins
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Thyroid hormone binding globulin (TBG)
Cortisol binding globulin (CBG) Testosterone-binding globulin (TeBG) |
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Metabolic Clearance Rate (MCR)
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plasma half-life is inversely related to its MCR.
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MCR of hormone types
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longest lasting
bound to carriers > peptide > amines |
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Mammary gland development
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prolactin
estradiol progesterone glucocorticoids thyroid hormones insulin |
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Kd
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: equilibrium dissociation constant
concentration of hormone, at equilibrium to bind 1/2 receptors |
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polypeptide hormones
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LH
FSH TSH angiotensin II platelet-activating factors |
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G protein CR
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LH
FSH TSH angiotensin II platelet-activating factors prostaglandins neurotransmitters muscarinic cholinergic alpha/beta androgenic receptors serotonin dopamine |
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Tyrosine Kinase Receptor superfamily
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EGF, PDGFs, FGFs
insulin IGF-1 |
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tyrosine kinase basics
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binding causes receptor to dimerize
auto phosphorylation of Tyr Phosphorylation of other try |
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Cytokine Receptor Superfamily
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GH
Prolactin hematopoietic growth factors (IL, INF-gamma) > 2 subunits no intrinsic Tyr phosphorylation --> needs Jak |
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GPCR transduction pathways
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adenylyl cyclase (AC)
Phospholipase C (PLC), Directly regulating: Ion channels; kinase |
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Jak - Stat pathway
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binding --> receptor to dimerize
--> Jak binds, auto P-lates Jak --> Jak P-lates Stat Stat if the TF => changes gene expression Cytokine receptor superfamily |
