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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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embryogenesis
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first 8 wks of development - mostly qualitative change
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embyogenesis is aka
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organogenesis
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fetal period
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8-39 weeks - mostly quantitative change
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teratology
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study of birth defects - origins and causes
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genes in human genome
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35,000
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number of prots
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3x the genes 3X35,000 - blows the one gene - one prot hypothesis out of water
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chromatin
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complex of DNA and prots (histones)
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chormatin's basic unit of structure
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nucleosome
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nucleosome
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octamer of eight proteins and ~140 bps of DNA
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link b/w nucleosomes
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linker DNA and H1 histones (pg 5 for figure)
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nuclesome function
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keep DNA tightly bound so no expression - inactive state
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inactive DNA is known as?
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heterochromatin
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DNA must be uncoiled from beads to undergo DNA transcription - that chromatin is now referred to as?
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euchromatin
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promoter region
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binds RNA polymerase for initiation of transcription
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transcription initiation site
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RNA expression starts here
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translation initiation site
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AUG site - 1st AA in prot
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translation termination site
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UAG, UAA, UGA - code for H2O - stop translation
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3' untranslated region
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poly A tail addition
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poly A tail function
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stabilize mRNA, increase half life. Allows exit to nucleus. Allows translation to proceed
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what is the TATA box
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promoter - RNA polym binding site
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DNA transcription direction
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5' to 3'
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RNA production direction
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3' to 5'
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transcription factors
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additional proteins needed to facilitate RNA polymerase binding
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TFs activate or inhibit?
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both, they just do whatever the signal directed
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how may a TF activate
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TF may uncoil DNA. ie)hetero..to euchormatin
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enhancers - define
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DNA regulatory sequences that control Promoter region access
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location of enhancers
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unlike promoters which are directly upstream to start site, these mothers are located anywhere on DNA
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enhancers - how do they work
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Bind TFs to further regulate gene. diff enhancers can control same gene in diff tissues to produce something totally diff
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an "inhibitory enhancer"
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silencer
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domains of TFs
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DNA binding domain to bind DNA
Transactivation domain - actual switch part to activate or inhibit transcription of gene whose promoter or enhancer it has bound |
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intial transcript of RNA
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nRNA (nuclear RNA)
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mRNA
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spliced form ready to go to nucleus for translation
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alternative splicing
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provides for way to produce more prots per gene
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splicing NZs
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spliceosomes
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what are splicosomes made of
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snRNA and proteins
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various proteins derived from same gene
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splice variants OR splice isoforms
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