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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Advantages of the use of vasoconstrictors |
Prolongs action of anesthetic solution
Allows for lesser volume and conc to be used
Increases efficiency and safety |
P A In |
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Conditions that may lead to complications (vasoconstrictors itu) |
They were used in volumes that are too high
Repeated injection increases the volume
Intravascular injection may lead to elevated blood level to cause complications |
They Re In |
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Modes of action of vasocontrictors |
Attaching to and directly stimulating adrenergic receptors
Acting indirectly by stimulating release of endogenous catecholamine
Combination of direct and indirect action |
D I C |
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Vasoconstrictor derivatives + example/s |
Pyrocatechin - Epi & NE Benzol - Levonoderfin Phenol - Phenyldephrine |
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Most potent vasoconstrictor |
Epinephrine |
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Effect/s of epinephrine to CVS |
Beta1 stimulation increases heart rate & force of contraction
Increase in irritability of myocardium leading to an increased incidence of dysrhythmia
Large doses may increase BP |
B I L |
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Effect/s of epinephrine to respi system |
Pronounced bronchodilation |
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Effect/s of epinephrine to CNS |
Stimulation produce alerting effects |
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Effect/s of epinephrine to respi system |
Pronounced bronchodilation |
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Effect/s of epinephrine to CNS |
Stimulation produce alerting effects |
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Misc effect/s of epinephrine |
Elevation of blood sugar level
Increase glycogenolysis
Pupillary dilation |
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Other name of norepinephrine |
Levophed |
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NE is a _____ found in _____ |
Major pressor amine
Post ganglionic nerves |
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NE is usually used in what conc? |
1:30000 |
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NE is a _____ found in _____ |
Major pressor amine
Post ganglionic nerves |
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NE is usually used in what conc? |
1:30000 |
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Effect/s of norepinephrine to CVS |
Increase HR SV FoC
Increase myocardium irritability lead to greater incidence of cardiac dysrhythmias
Producing elevated BP |
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NE is a _____ found in _____ |
Major pressor amine
Post ganglionic nerves |
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Effect/s of norepinephrine to respi sys |
No effect (kasi predominantly alpha si NE)
Produces alpha induced constriction of the kung arterioles which reduces airway resistance to a small degree |
N P |
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Effect/s of norepinephrine to CNS |
Mild alerting effects (on higher dosage of NE) |
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Conc of levonordefrin |
1:10000 |
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Levonordefrin can be tx to |
Neuralgia |
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Weakest vasoconstrictor in dentistry |
Phenylephrine |
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Effect/s of phenylephrine to CVS |
Increase BFlow im coronary arteries as result of dilation
Cause increase in BP |
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Weakest vasoconstrictor in dentistry |
Phenylephrine |
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Effect/s of phenylephrine to CVS |
Increase BFlow im coronary arteries as result of dilation
Cause increase in BP |
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Effect/s of phenylephrine to respi system |
Bronchodilation milder than epi |
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Toxic manifestations to vasoconstrictors (in order) |
Tachycardia Hypertension Palpitation Headache Tremors Pallor Ventricular fibrillation |
Ta Hy Pal He Tre Pallo Ven |
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Termination of action of vasoconstrictors |
Reuptake by the nerve terminal
Deactivation of extraneuronal enzymes (COMT)
Uptake by the bloodstream
Intraneuronal enzymatic destruction by MAO |
Re De Up In |
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General armamentaria for LA |
Needle Anesthetic cartridges Syringes Auxillary materials |
NASA |
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Parts of a needle |
Bevel Shank/shaft Hub Cartridge part (or syringe penetrating end) Syringe adaptor |
Be Sha Hu Ca Sy Sy |
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Basically the jxn bet needle and syringe where needle usually breaks |
Hub |
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Refers to the diameter of the needle |
Gauge |
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Usual gauge in dentistry |
25 & 27 |
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Usual bevel in needle |
65degrees |
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The term carpule is actually a registered trade name by |
Cook-Waite Laboratories |
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Standard volume of cartridges |
1.8mL |
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Parts of a cartridge |
Cylinder glass tube Stopper (plunger) Aluminum cap Rubber diaphragm |
Cy S A R |
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Contents of cartridges (LA) + rationale |
Vasocontrictors - for analgesia
Anesthetic drugs - to increase safety and duration of LA
Sodium bisulfite - preservative of vasoconstrictors
Methylparaben - antimicrobial (NOT USED ANYMORE DOE)
Distilled water - to achieve desired volume
Sodium chloride - to make solution isotonic
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V A So M D S |
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Possible problems on cartridges |
Bubble (presence of nitrogen)
Extruded plungers (prolonged exposure to disinfectants)
Corrosion of aluminum caps (bec of disinfectants rin) |
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Problems with syringe handling |
Leakage during injection
Cartridge breaking
Disengagement of harpoon during aspiration
Surface deposits
(See trans nalang for the rationale) |
Le Ca Di Su |
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Aux material for LA |
Oxygen tank |
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