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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the thalamus is derived embryologically from the:
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Diencephalon
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What are the five diencephalic subdivisions?
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1. Epithalamus
2. Dorsal Thalamus or Thalamus 3. Ventral thalamus 4. Subthalamus 5. Hypothalamus |
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The diencephalon is located between these to major structures:
It is medial to: And divided in the midline by the: |
1. Between cortex and brainstem
2. Medial to the internal capsule 3. Divided in the midline by the 3rd ventricle |
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The epithalamus is made up of (3 parts)
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1. Habenula
2. Pineal Gland 3. Posterior commissure |
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What does the pineal gland synthesize?
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It synthesizes serotonin and converts it to melatonin
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What makes up the bulk of the diencephalon?
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Thalamus
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What part of the diencephalon is the controlling center of the autonomic nervous system?
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Hypothalamus
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The thalamus' arteriole supply includes:
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1. PCA
2. ACA 3. Internal carotid 4. Anterior communicating 5. Posterior communicating Note how it's just like the cerebral cortex supply except for the inclusion of the ICA and exclusion of MCA |
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Where is the thalamus located with respect to the internal capsule and ventricles?
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Medial to the posterior limb of the internal capsule and surrounding the third ventricle.
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What is the major function of the thalamus?
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It is the "gateway to the cortex"
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Draw out the thalamic neuronal circuit on pg 181
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Draw out the thalamic neuronal circuit on pg 181
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Lesions to the thalamus typically involve which part? What does this cause?
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VPL causing contralateral sensation deficits
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In thalamic syndrome, how does sensation problem progress over time?
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1. Initially a transitory contralateral hemianalgesia
2. Soon, painful senations appear with noxious stimuli 3. Later, pain is provoked by pressure, touch, and vibration 4. In time, state of spontaneous, constant or paroxysmal pain is evoked on the affected side (contralateral lesion) without external stimulus (dysesthesia) |
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How does the threshold for pain, temp, and tactile sensation change in thalamic syndrome. What happens when threshold is reached?
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Threshold increases and once reached, there is a strong emotional overtone to it.
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What is the Reticular Activating System?
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A system that is activated by low-frequency stimulation. Repetitive stimulation of the non-specific thalamic nuclei evokes cortical recruitment response that waxes and wanes.
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