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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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... are carrier proteins for oxytocin and vasopressin
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neurophysins
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hormones released from the posterior pituiatary
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oxytocin; ADH
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in what nucleus is produced oxytocin?
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paraventricular nucleus
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in what nucleus is produced ADH?
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supraoptic
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... has a binding site specific for vasopressi and is thought to be involved in the transport and packaging of vasopressin through the nedoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus in to neurosecretory granules
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neurophysin II
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.... stimulates release of TSH and prolactin
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TRH
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point mutation in .... underlie most cases of hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus
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neurophysin II
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.... is characterized by DNA hypersensitivity to ioniszing radiation
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ataxia-telangiectasia
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in ...., DNA is hypersensitive to UV radiation, causing premature skin aging and increased risk of skin cancer
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xerpderma pigmentosum
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.... is caused by hypersensitivity of DNA to cross-linking agents
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Fanconi anemia
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.... is characterized by generalized chromosomal instability, increased susceptibility to neoplasms
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bloom syndrome
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.... occurs due to a defect in DNA mismatch-repair enzymes; increased susceptibility to to colon cancer
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hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
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neurofibrillary tangles in the neocortex are seen in ....
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alzheimer disease
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.... simultaneously measres eposure and outcomes
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cross-sectional study
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.... is designed by selecting individuals with a particular disease, individuals without that disease, and then evaluating previous exposure status
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case-control study
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trt for Afib with rapid ventr response
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beta-blockers; Ca++ blockers
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digitalis, through its action on a .... causes an increase in plasma .... that is indicative of the maount of digitalis the patient has taken
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Na+/K+ ATPase; potassium
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trt of digitalis tox
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p/o activated charcoal; insulin/hemodyalisis(for hyperkaliemia)
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.... increase patient susceptibility to the toxic effects of digoxin
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hypokalemia
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.... is diagnosed in patients who expirience manic episodes
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bipolar I disorder
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patients diagnosed with ... experience ar least 2 years of numerous periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms that do not meet the criteria for hypomanic or major depressive episodes
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cyclothymic disorders
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patients who experience major depressive and hypomanic episodes are diagnosed with ....
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bipolar II disorder
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increased incidence and mortality from lung cancer in women has been observed over the last four decades due to increased ....
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cigarette smoking
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leadin cause of mortality in women
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lung cancer
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leuprolide -?(+mech of action)
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long acting GnRH analog(causes continious GnRH activity)
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finasteride use
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benign prostatic hyperplasia
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finasteride-?
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5-alpha reductase inhibitor
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most common cause of suppurative parotitis
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staph. aureus
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gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase helps convert ... to ....
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glutathione to glutamate
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gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase elevation suggests that alkalinephosphatase elevation is due to ....
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liver(nor bone) pathology
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the process, where by a bacteriophage infects a host bacterium abd integrates its genome into the host bacterium's genome, is termed ...
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lysogenization
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strep. pneumoniae bacteria acquire the ability to produce capsule via the process of ...
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transformation
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... is the direct transfer of plasmids from one bacterium to another through a sex pilus
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conjugation
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E.coli bacteria acquire the ability to form pili via bacterial ...
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conjugation
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the second most common cause of UTI in sexually active women is ...
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staph. saprophyticus
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first line trt for generalized anxiety disroder
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SSRI
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first line trt for panic disorder
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SSRI
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half-life of triazolam
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<6 hours(short-acting)
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half-life of alprazolam
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< 6 hours(short-acting)
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duration of action of lorazepam
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intermediate(6-24 hours)
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duration of action of diazepam
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long(>24h)
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duration of action of flurazepam
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long(>24h)
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duration of action of chlordiazpeoxide
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long(>24h)
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the weakest point of the posterior urethra
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membranous segment
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adenohyophysis is derived from ...
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surface ectoderm
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Rathke's pouch is derived from ...
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surface ectoderm
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lens and cornea are derived from ...
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surface ectoderm
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inner ear sensory organs are derived from ...
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surface ectoderm
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olfactory epithelium is derived from ...
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surface ectoderm
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nasal and oral epithelial linings are derived from ...
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surface ectoderm
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salivary, sweat and mammary glands are derived from ...
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surface ectoderm
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posterior pituitary is derived from ...
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neural tube
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pineal gland is derived from ...
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neural tube
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retina is derived from ...
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neural tube
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estrogenic influence increases cholesterol synthesis by upregulating hepatic .... activity, which causes the bile to become supersaturated with cholesterol
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HMG-CoA reductase
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...-induced cholesterol hypersecretion and ....-induced gallbladder hypomotility are responsible for the increased incidence of cholelithiasis in women who are pregnant or usin oral contraceptives
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estrogen; progesterone
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in the first half of the menstrual cycle, .... stimulates proliferation of the stratum functionale
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estrogen
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normal .... consists of nonbranching, ninbudding uniform glands evenly disturbed throughout a uniform stroma
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proliferative endometrium
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... phase begins with menses and ends with ovulation
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proliferative(follicular)
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..... promotes the development of the secretory endometrium
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progesterone
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.... phase begins with ovulation and ends with the onset of menses
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secretory(luteal) phase
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specific findings inopioid withdrawal
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lacrimation and yawing
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.... symptoms of ... withdrawal include tremors, anxiety, perceptual disturbances, dysphoria, and psychosis
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benzodiazepine
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.... receptors initiate the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis through a cytoplasmic component known as the death domain
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fas
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activation of executioner caspases (3 and 6) initiate the terminal processes of ....
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apoptosis
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..... requires the interaction of CD40 on activated B cells with CD40 ligand epressed by activated T cells and is modulated by ytokines secreted by T cells
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isotype switching
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mutations involving the .... or .... can prevent apoptosis of autoreactive lymphocytes, thereby increasing the risk of AI disorders such as SLE
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Fas receptor/fas ligand
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eosinophil proliferation and activation during parasitic infection is stimulated by ... produced by Th2 and mast cells
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IL-5
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cyclosporine-?
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calcineurin inhbitor
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only .... has 5 to 3 exonuclease activity
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DNA polymerase I
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.... is used by DNA polymerase III for the initiation of DNA replication
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RNA-primer
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the 5 to 3 exonuclease activity of ..... performs exonuclease excision and repair of damage to parent DNA
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DNA polymerase I
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5 to 3 exonuclease activity of .... functions to remove RNA primer
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DNA polymerase I
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before the process of DNA replication begins, the parent strand of DNA unwinds and dissociates secondary to the action of the enzyme ....
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helicase
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... release tension caused during DNA strande unwinding by relieving both negative and postivie supercoils
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topoisomerases I and II
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bacterial topoisomerase II(DNA gyrase) compare to eukaryotic does not have .....
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5 to 3 eonuclease activity
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the okazaki fragments of the lagging strand are bound together by the enzyme ...
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ligase
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... is most commonly caused by patternal meiotic nondisjunction during gametogenesis
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turner syndrome
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.... is a genetic mutation in which a number of nucleotides not divisible by 3 is inserted or removed from the DNA sequence
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frameshift mutation
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.... deficiency reduces the ability o fatty acids to enter the mitochondria for beta-oxidation
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carnitine
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a major methyl donor in single carbon metabolism
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S-adenosyl-methionine
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the conversion of .... to cystathionine requires an enzyme called cystathionine synthetase
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homocysteine
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using vit B12 as a cofactor, ... can combine with N-5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate to form tetrahydrofolate
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homocysteine
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most common cause of homocytinuria is a defect in .....
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cystathionine beta synthetase
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hydroylation of phenylalanine leads to the formation of .... in a reaction catalyzed by phenylalanine hydroxylase
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tyrosine
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most common cause of phenylketonuria
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deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase
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asparagine is an amino acid formed from .... by the enzyme asparagine synthetase
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aspartate
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the lwoer trunk carries nerve fibers from the .... spinal levels
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C8 and T1
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shoulder dislocation can cause .... injury
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axillary nerve
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deltoid m. innervation
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aillary n.
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teres minor m. innervation
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axillary n.
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... results in paralysis of the serratus anterior m.
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long thoracic n. injury
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fractures of the midshaft of the humerus commonly cause .... injury
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radial n.
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.... innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles
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suprascapular n
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... converts pentoses to glyceraldehyde 3P
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transketolase
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if a patient with chronic .... deficiency is given a glucose without thiamine supplementation, cute cerebral damage occurs
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thiamine
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decreased glu-6-P DH levels cause ...
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hemolytic anemia
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methylmalonic acid is convertedto .... by methylmalonyl CoA mutase
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succinyl CoA
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methylmalonyl CoA uses ... as a coenzyme
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B12
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ebv infection is associated with increased incidence of .... and ... as well as .... |
Burkitt lymphoma; Hodgkin's/non-Hodgkin's lymphomas as well as nasopharyngeal carcinoma |
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high-risk oncogenic genotypes of HPV
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16; 18; 31
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