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24 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Does viral gastroenteritis usually cause diarrhea or dysentery?
diarrhea
What two viruses are the two main causative agents for viral GI disease?
rotavirus and norovirus
What are the four viral catagories that are related to GI disease?
astroviruses
adenoviruses
enteroviruses
coronaviruses
What do you dx viral GI?
usually definitive dx cannot be made, usually for tx, just differentiate between bacterial and viral and use an ELISA for rapid test.
What is the tx for viral GI?
supportive care, rehydration. young and elderly may need hospitalization for dehydration.
What is an easy mixture to replace pedialyte to use for rehydration?
Per liter of water
20g of glucose or sucrose
3.5g NaCl
2.5g sodium bicarbonate
1.5g potassium chloride
What are the characteristics of Caliciviridae?
small, positive ssRNA, capsid, NON-enveloped, 6 pointed star structure
What are the three Calicivirus subtypes?
1. noroviruses causing acute GI
2. sapoviruses causing GI
3. Hep E that presents as hepatitis
What two symptoms are more common in norovirus infection than diarrhea?
nausea and vomiting
What is the pathogenesis of norovirus?
1. ingestion of the virion
2. mucocutaneous lesions in the proximal small intestine
3. 12 - 48 incubation period
4. symptom onset of nausea/vomiting

note: this is diarrhea, so NO fecal leukocytes in stool
What is the tx for norovirus?
supportive
What presenting condition should warrant the concern for norovirus?
acute gastroenteritis occurring in a community setting
What three Reoviruses are assocaited with human disease?
1. rotavirus - this one causes GI problems
2. coltivirus - colorado tick fever
3. orbivirus
What is significant about the rotavirus structure?
the only virus that is dsRNA
segemented RNA
double capsid
icosahedral shaped
no envelope
What is significant about rotavirus epidemiology?
fecal-oral/fomite transmission and is VERY contagious. very commonly spread in children/babies, but infants <3mos are protected by mothers Abs
What is the pathogenesis of rotavirus?
1. virion ingested
2. virus attaches to epithelial cells
3. aborbed and replicated in cell
4. 2-4 day incubation
5. causes necrotizing enterocolitis
6. 2-5 days after symptoms peak shedding occurs

note: NO viremia
How do infants that require hospitalization for rotavirus infection?
severe infection that causes metabolic acidosis
How do you dx Rotavirus in the office?
enzyme immunoassay (EIA) a stool sample, fast, accurate, do it
What is the tx for Rotavirus GI problems?
supportive/rehydration
What can be done to prevent Rotavirus?
wash hands
RotaTeq or Rotarix vaccine, 3 doses at least 2 mos between doses
How does Coltivirus present?
systemic symptoms w/o rash lasting 10-14 days. sometimes can involve CNS, but rare
What is the tx of Colitvirus Colorado tick fever?
non-aspirin analgesics and supportive
What is significant about Orbivirus?
Reoviruses that are not common in the US, but it is possible that this could be a new or emerging disease
What is the clinical presentation of Orbivirus Orungo virus?
fever, diarrhea, generalized convulsions, leg weakness that may lead to flaccid paralysis, viremia