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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the general route of infection of the UTI?
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urethra to bladder to kidneys
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What parts of the UTI contain bacteria?
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just the distal portion of the urethra, everything else is sterile
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What is a risk factor for UTI?
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poor urine flow, female, sexual activity
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What virulence factor do most UTI bacteria have to combat urine flow?
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adhesins or pili for attachment
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What are symptoms of cystitis (lower UTI)?
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dysuria (pain in urination), urgency and increased urination frequency
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What are the symptoms of pyelonephritis (upper UTI)?
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fever, flank pain
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What are the complications of UTI?
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kidney abscesses, bacteremia, Gram-(-) septicemia, E. coli is the most common causative agent
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What is the difference between uncomplicated and complicated cystitis?
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uncomplicated - symptomatic infection of bladder in a woman with a normal GU tract
complicated - symptomatic bladder or kidneys with the option of having structural abnormalities in GU tract in male or female, nosocomial infections are included in this category. |
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What is asymptomatic bacteriuria?
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higher level of bacteria in the urine but no symptoms
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What is pyelonephritis characterized by?
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costovertebral angle pain and fever
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How are UTI dx'ed in lab?
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1. midstream urine culture unless they contain too many squamous epithelial cells which indicates bacteria colonizing in the urethra
2. Gram stain of urine sample 3. Leukocyte esterase test (rapid dipstick test) fast but low sensitivity |
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What special consideration of females, males, and children should be taken into account for dx?
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Female: cystitis = 10^2 cfu/ml; pyelonehpritis = 10^5 cfu/ml
Male: 10^3 cfu/ml Children: 10^5 cfu/ml |
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What quantifies asymptomatic bacteriuria?
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asymptomatic presence
men: one species at 10^5 cfu/ml women: two samples, two day separation of one species at least 10^5 cfu/ml this does NOT necessarily mean that they will become symptomatically infected |
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What are the three community acquired UTI?
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1. E. coli - most common and usually from colon and usually have a P pili
2. Staph. saprophyticus - most common with sexually active women and they have adhesins and produce urease 3. Proteus mirabilis - normal flora and have pili and produce urease |
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What are struvite stones?
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stones caused by ion precipitation in the urine sometimes caused by urease that increases urine pH. proteus mirabilis is the MOST common cause of STRUVITE stones
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What are the five nosocomial aquired UTI?
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1. E. coli - most common
2. Enterococcus 3. Klebsiella 4. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 5. Staph aureus |
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What is a big risk factor for nosocomial infections?
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catheterization
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What is the difference between pregnant women and non pregnant?
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even though asymptomatic bacteriuria is present in the same frequency, it is 20 - 30x more likely for it to become pyelonephritis
you must treat, then, for asymptomatic bacteriuria to prevent infection because it can hurt the fetus |
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What is the problem with group B streptococcus?
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it is present vaginally and rectally and can be transmitted at birth neonate problems like bacterial meningitis. screen and treat before delivery.
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What are the two causes of neonatal bacterial meningitis?
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Group B Strep
E. coli |
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What is the difference between acute bacterial prostatitis and chronic bacterial prostatitis?
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acute: fever, chills, low back and perineal pain, increased frequency, urgency, dysuria
chronic: genitourinary pain, increased frequency, urgency, dysuria, recurrent UTI by same organism |
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What is the most common cause of prostatitis?
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urine reflux into the prostatic ducts
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What organisms usually cause prostatitis?
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1. E. coli most common
2. Klebsiella pneumoniae 3. Pseudo aeruginosa 4. Proteus mirabilis |
