01First Of Last Cards To Know

Front 1

lymph node drains tonsil

Back 1

jugulodigastric

Front 2

tears pass through from punctum to nose?

Back 2

canaliculus, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct, inferior meatus, posterior nares

Front 3

purpose of posterior cricoarytenoids?

Back 3

open and separate vocal cords

Front 4

two branches from ext. carotid A supplying maxillary area

Back 4

maxillary artery, facial artery

Front 5

nerve and ganglion to lacrimal gland

Back 5

VII facial – pterygo-palatine

Front 6

nerve and ganglion to constrictor pupillae

Back 6

oculomotor III – ciliary

Front 7

nerve and ganglion to sublingual

Back 7

VII facial – submandibular

Front 8

nerve and ganglion to parotid

Back 8

IX glossopharyngeal – otic

Front 9

function of lateral pterygoid

Back 9

open jaw, protract jaw, move jaw forward

Front 10

superior laryngeal internal branch innervates

Back 10

mucosa above vocal cords

Front 11

superior laryngeal external branch innervates

Back 11

cricothyroid – tightens cords

Front 12

lymph from below glottis (true cords) goes where

Back 12

pretracheal

Front 13

lymph from above vocal cords goes where

Back 13

superior cervical

Front 14

nerve to posterior cricoaryteniodeus

Back 14

recurrent laryngeal

Front 15

2 cranial nerves may send fibres to post. cricoaryteniodeus

Back 15

X + XI

Front 16

larynx lymph to where

Back 16

pre tracheal

Front 17

what to avoid if inserting tympanostomy tube

Back 17

chorda tympanic nerve

Front 18

embryonic cells of ear ossicles

Back 18

neural crest cells

Front 19

if ulnar nerve severed, movements effected at wrist, DIP

Back 19

wrist:flexion, adduction, ulnar deviation, DIP:flexion

Front 20

long term consequences of scaphoid fracture

Back 20

non union, pain, avascular necrosis, arthritis, collapse

Front 21

artery&nerve just below humerus anatomical head

Back 21

axillary nerve, humeral circumflex artery

Front 22

thumb movements effected if median nerve severed

Back 22

abduction, flexion, opposition

Front 23

nerve to cricothyroid?

Back 23

external laryngeal

Front 24

which muscle abducts vocal cord

Back 24

posterior crocarytenoid

Front 25

nerve to posterior cricoarytenoid?

Back 25

recurrent laryngeal

Front 26

sensory to mucous membrane of nose

Back 26

V2

Front 27

tumour near external occipital protruberance – lymph path?

Back 27

occipital nodes

Front 28

hole of sphenoidal sinus

Back 28

sphenoethmoidal recess

Front 29

ganglion of cellbodies innervating dilator pupillae

Back 29

superior cervical ganglion

Front 30

postganglionic sympathetic to sweatglands in forehead how

Back 30

sup cerv.gang, com. carotid, ext carotid, facial, supraorbital

Front 31

nasopharyngeal tumour trotters triad

Back 31

eustachian tube-deafness, v3 pain, soft palate weak

Front 32

aneurism presses on III nerve. effects?

Back 32

down and out, dilated pupil, ptosis

Front 33

function of internal laryngeal nerve

Back 33

sensory to mucosa above cords

Front 34

which sinuses open to middle meatus

Back 34

ethmoid, maxillary, frontal

Front 35

where does maxillary artery leave neck

Back 35

pterygomaxillary fissure/pterygopalatine fossa

Front 36

what movements effected if radial nerve severed

Back 36

ext, abd and add of wrist, extension of MCP joints

Front 37

which nerves carry postsympathetic efferent fibres to submandibular salivary gland

Back 37

facial nerve, lingual nerve, chorda tympani

Front 38

muscle of mastication that closes jaw

Back 38

masseter or temporalis

Front 39

muscle of mastication that pulls jaw forward

Back 39

lateral pterygoid

Front 40

what cranial nerve does lingual arise from

Back 40

V3

Front 41

which cranial nerve supplies sensory fibres: soft palate

Back 41

V2, IX

Front 42

nerve normally lies on anterior surface of scalenus anterior

Back 42

Phrenic

Front 43

If superior cervical ganglion is damaged, what results

Back 43

horners

Front 44

double vision

Back 44

diplopia

Front 45

nasal cavities

Back 45

choanae

Front 46

view of C1,C2 from inside mouth

Back 46

ondontoid view

Front 47

on CT scans – spenoid sinus versus ethmoid sinus

Back 47

open versus lots of compartments

Front 48

in coronal ct scan, pterygoids are where?

Back 48

just lateral to sphen. sinus, medial to mandible

Front 49

slide in front of foramen magnum, points to dens

Back 49

clivus (can see on sagittal films)

Front 50

orbicularis oculi purpose

Back 50

distributes tears, cleans grit off eyeball, (stops ulceration)

Front 51

if facial nerve palsy, what may happen to eyeball

Back 51

ulceration

Front 52

muscle with longest name in the body

Back 52

levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

Front 53

ulnar nerve lesion in guyons canal – effect cutaneous?

Back 53

no. dorsal/palmar cutaneous exit nerve before guyons

Front 54

ulnar nerve innervates

Back 54

flexor carpi ulnaris, dorsal, palmar interosseus, ½ profundus, deep br. to adductor pollicis, hypothenar, palmaris brevis, ½ lumbricals

Front 55

median nerve innervates

Back 55

½ profundus, superficialis, thenar musc, pronators, ½ lumbricals, palmaris longus, flexor carpi radialis

Front 56

musculocutaneous innervates

Back 56

brachialis, biceps brachii, coracobrachialis

Front 57

radial nerve innervates

Back 57

brachioradialis, triceps brachii, extensors: carpi radialis longus/brevis, ulnaris, digiti minimi, digitorum, indicis, pollicis long/brev, abductor pollicis, supinator,

Front 58

radial nerve gone – fix?

Back 58

palmaris longus tendon -> extensor pollicis brevis, flex. superficialis tendon -> extensor digitorum (get both thumb and finger flexion back. (won’t miss superficialis/palmaris)

Front 59

particular place radial nerve may be damaged (plus others)

Back 59

radial tunnel through supinator heads

Front 60

place ulnar nerve might be damaged (besides med.epicon.)

Back 60

guyons canal

Front 61

need interossei for

Back 61

writing

Front 62

external ear includes and is covered with

Back 62

auricle, ext. aud. meatus, tymp. memb – SKIN

Front 63

middle ear includes and is covered with

Back 63

cavity, eus. tube, mastoid antrum, ossicles: mucous memb (ossicles periosteum plus mm)

Front 64

inner ear includes, covered with

Back 64

osseus/memb labyrinth – bone/mucous

Front 65

volkmans contracture

Back 65

supracondylar fracture, ischemia, scarring, scar shortens – pain gets worse – trying to stretch muscle

Front 66

why supracondylar fractures in 6yr olds

Back 66

ligaments lax at 6, hyperextension

Front 67

loss of blood supp. after fracture how

Back 67

during injury, reducing fracture, comp. synd., surgery

Front 68

5 P’s compartment synd

Back 68

pain, pallor, pulselessness, puffiness, paralysis

Front 69

cordotomy

Back 69

used to remove pain in term. ill patients – cut through lateral spinothalmic tract: can potentially damage lateral corticospinal tract, causing weakness to trunk, lower limbs

Front 70

brachial plexus injury how

Back 70

head flexed, shoulder depressed

Front 71

porters tip injury

Back 71

C567, medially rotated arm, extended, wrist flexed, pronated forearm

Front 72

in axillary sheath

Back 72

brachial plexus and axillary artery

Front 73

injection point – axillary sheath

Back 73

interscalene groove

Front 74

other landmarks for injecting axillary sheath

Back 74

coracobrachialis, axillary artery

Front 75

5 pot. problems injecting ax. sheath

Back 75

artery punctured, bleeds into sheath: compression, pneumothorax, diffusion:phrenic, deinnervate diaphragm, hoarseness if diffuses to vagus, horners if diff. to symp.

Front 76

brachial plexus ripped off sp. cord # nerves to fix with

Back 76

fixing 120,000 with 4100 motor,3200sensory

Front 77

last ditch fixes for ripped off brach. plexus

Back 77

11 from SCM – deltoid. Traps, Rhombs,Levator scap – musculocutaneous. supraacromial/supraclav- median

Front 78

digital anaesthetic danger why

Back 78

volume can crush, vasoconstrictor can fibrose, cuts off circ, finger dies.

Front 79

other causes of carpal tunnel

Back 79

anything that takes up room- lunate dislocate, extensive lumbricals, swelling, endocrine factors, trauma, rheumatoid disease

Front 80

carpal tunnel symptoms/treatment

Back 80

pain/numbness/clumsiness, surgery

Front 81

injury to upper plexus – means

Back 81

T1 may be intact – intrinsic hand musc. okay

Front 82

injury to lower plexus means

Back 82

SS nerve may be intact – some shoulder musc.

Front 83

nerve used for nerve grafts

Back 83

sural nerve (using schwannoma cells, nerves resprout through the ‘pathways’ provided)

Front 84

loss of median nerve

Back 84

no thumb opposition, no pronation, only weak flexion, ulnar deviation – sensory loss to 3 ½ digits

Front 85

maximal contact with objects achieved how

Back 85

short fingers/thumb, slight ulnar fingers rotation, slight arch to metacarpals

Front 86

maximum surf contact why

Back 86

minimize force per unit area of skin

Front 87

3 areas where problems can occur in transmission of muscle activities through tendons

Back 87

motor (muscle), transmission (tendons/joints), application (skin/pulp)

Front 88

if radial nerve damaged

Back 88

wrist drop – porters tip injury

Front 89

fixing wrist drop

Back 89

pronator teres moved from flexor to extensor side, tendon split and put to each side of hand

Front 90

referred pain to ear from where

Back 90

V1,2 – sinusitis, V2,3 teeth, V3 TMJoint, V3 tongue cancer, IX tongue cancer, IX tonsilitis

Front 91

fracture of petrous bone – results

Back 91

VII – facial weakness, VIII deafness, dizziness; middle ear: deafness/blood, cochlea: deafness, semicirc. canals: dizziness, unconsciousness, epithelial tear: blood, tymp. memb. tear = blood

Front 92

if bleeding from ear?

Back 92

petrous bone fracture

Front 93

tic douleureaux

Back 93

abrupt, brief, stabbing pains V3, triggered, no sensory loss

Front 94

tic douloureaux fix

Back 94

gangliolysis of V3, or microvascular decompression

Front 95

fall on the outstretched arm problems

Back 95

fractured clavicle, shoulder subluxation, glenohumeral dislocation, humeral fracture, supracondylar humeral fracture, elbow dislocation, colles fracture, wrist dislocation, scaphoid fracture, lunate dislocation

Front 96

lunate fracture problem

Back 96

may strip periosteum – avascular necrosis

Front 97

breathlessness if swollen thyroid?

Back 97

presses tracheal rings

Front 98

thyroid lymph drainage

Back 98

pre-tracheal paratracheal

Front 99

diff. betw. subdural and extradural hematoma

Back 99

non-acute vs. acute (extradural occurs quickly)

Front 100

tests for trigeminal

Back 100

forehead, cheek, chin

Front 101

gag reflex tests

Back 101

X and IX

Front 102

test for XI

Back 102

raise arm overhead, look up, turn head side-side

Front 103

otitis media symptoms

Back 103

deafness, warmth, vomitting. through otoscope, no cone

Front 104

tympanostomy tube does what

Back 104

reduces severity not frequency of problems w/ otitis media

Front 105

eustachian tube – is normally?

Back 105

closed, actively opened during swallowing: tensor palati. kids tubes may be closed – cartilage smaller, less strong, palati inefficient pre-puberty

Front 106

most common tumour origin in larynx

Back 106

glottis

Front 107

larynx lymphatics

Back 107

sparse. everything above glottis-deep cervical. below: pretracheal. good that where tumour may be, fewer lymph.

Front 108

why pterygo-palatine called ‘hayfever’ ganglia

Back 108

dist. point for nose, nasopharynx, orbit, palate, upper teeth

Front 109

petrositis

Back 109

mastoid air cells extensive: infection spread potential from middle ear: chronic infection, extradural abcess, can lead to meningitis, temporal lobe abcess. veins/sinuses transport infection

Front 110

circle of willis aneurisms

Back 110

more in women than men, sudden devastating headache, may be congenital. blood in sub arach. space