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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the structure of paramyxovirus?
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non-segmented negative ssRNA
helical nucleocapsid enveloped w/ 2 peplomers F protein - helps virus fuse to host and infected host cells to fuse to adjacent cells HN protein - enzymatically dissolve mucus layer of host |
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Where is Morbillivirus found?
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humans, highly contagious in developing countries, but resurgence because of anti-vaccination efforts
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What is Morbillivirus?
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measles
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What is the pathogenesis of Morbillivirus?
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1. transmission via respiratory droplets during contagious prodromal phase (before rash)
2. replicates in mucosal lining 3. spreads to lymph -> primary viremia 4. first symptoms appear after secondary viremia when virus uses lymphocytes and monocytes to travel back to periphery |
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What types of cells are histologically apparent with measles virus infection?
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syncytia - multi-nucleated giant cells due to F-protein from infected cells binding neighboring cells
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How many days after exposure to morbillivirus does the rash start to appear on a pts?
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about 14
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What symptoms are present with measles virus?
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1. photophobia, conjunctivitis
2. Koplik's spots - blue-white spots on buccal mucosal surface that is indicative of measles 3. rash that starts behind the ears and on the forehead and neck which spreads to chest, trunk and limbs over a 3 day period |
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What complication of measles infection can manifest 20 years after infection?
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subacute sclerosing panencephalitis that presents with irregular involuntary contraction of a muscle, personality changes, memory loss, poor judgement
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What is the tx for measles?
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none, supportive, prevented with live attenuated virus MMR(V) vaccine
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What is measles vaccine NOT associated with?
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AUTISM!
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What is PIV?
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parainfluenza virus, most commonly seen = types 1 and 3
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What is the PIV pathogenesis?
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1. respiratory epithelium are infected
2. nose and pharynx endure infection 3. type 1 & 2 localize in upper trachea and larynx -> croup syndrome 4. type 3 infect small air passages -> severe bronchus infection |
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What is significant about PIV reinfection?
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it's common. there is no persistent immunity to PIV.
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What is the classic clinical symptom of PIV?
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crouping, barking cough that progresses to a wheezing as PIV spreads to bronchus -> hypoxia
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What is the treatment for PIV 1, 2?
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supportive,
cool mist therapy can help, breathing cool, dry air |
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What is Respiratory Syncitial virus target demographic?
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children, infants, should be considered for ALL INFANTS WITH RESPIRATORY DISTRESS
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What is the difference between RSV and other paramyxovirus?
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no H, N activity in envelope, so cannot degrade mucus membrane
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What is the most common cause of acute fatal respiratory tract infections in children < 2yo?
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RSV - respiriatory syncitial virus
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What is the pathogenesis of RSV?
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1. infection of ciliated epithelial cell sin nose, eyes, mouth
2. usually confined to respiratory tract 3. can spread to lower bronchus and can form necrotizing lesions and blocking small airways 4. commonly leads to pneumonia in children |
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What secondary disease is considered to be related to RSV?
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asthma later in life
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What is the tx for RSV?
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supportive, Ribavirin can help, no vaccine, prevent with hand washing
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What is Rubulavirus also known as?
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mumps virus
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What is the age of infection for most pts with mumps Rubulavirus?
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5 - 14 years
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What is the classic presentation of mumps?
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swollen parotid glands that shows swelling in neck and jaw line unilaterally or bilaterally
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What is a secondary site of spread of mumps?
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CNS
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What are the primary organ targets of Rubulavirus?
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salivary glands, testes, ovaries, pancreas, brain
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What is orchitis?
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inflammation of testes -> unilateral atrophy seen in Rubulavirus infections
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What is a good clinical tool to test for mumps?
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ELISA serologic evidence
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What is tx for mumps?
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supportive, vaccine for prevention
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