Vet Skeletal System

Front 1

functions of the skeletal system

Back 1

-support- framework that supports body and cradles the organs
-protection-skull, vertebrae, and thorax
-mineral storage- ca** and po4-3
-movement- levers used by muscles for movement
-hematopoiesis-blood cell formation (stem cells found here in bone marrow)

like hemeostasis

Front 2

skeletal components

Back 2

bone tissue
cartilage
ligaments
tendons

Front 3

os rostri
os/osteo
osteoblasts
osteocytes
os penis
os cardis

Back 3

pig nostrils
bone
immature bone
mature bone
dog penis
cow heart

Front 4

Process of bone formation and destructions

Back 4

osteoblast go through ossification and form osteocytes and then osteoclasts break down bone

Front 5

ossification

Back 5

bone hardening process

Front 6

2 types of bone structure

Back 6

cancellous bone-spongy bone
helps keep bone lights
in bone marrowfound in long bones like the femur

compact bone
heavy dense bone
has a harvesian system
found in shafts (outer bone)
Outer layer is a perisoteum

Front 7

Nutrient foramen

Back 7

bl. vessels that carry blood to bone, cracked type feature of cortex. Sm. bl. vessels penetrate the perisoteum.

Front 8

bone growth goes from___to____

Back 8

cartilage to bone

Front 9

bone shapes

Back 9

long- limbs, fingers, longer than wide
short- sm cubes like carpal, wrists and tarpal ankles
flat- pelvic, scapular, skull, thin and flat
irregular-vertebrae (airplane shaped)

Front 10

long bone characteristics:

Back 10

longer than wide
shaft is compact bone, ends are cancellous
bones of limbs and fingers

Front 11

Bone marrow 2 types

Back 11

red bone marrow:
rich in bl. cell formation
hematopoietic tissue
mostly in young

yellow bone
fat tissue can revert to red bone marrow
found in older animals

Front 12

articular surfaces shapes:

Back 12

condyle-large and round (end of femur)
head-spherical ball and socket joint (hip)
facet-flat pieces in carpal

Front 13

fossa

Back 13

sunken area
usually occupied by muscle or tendons
larger the process the larger the pull is on the bone

Front 14

foramen

Back 14

a hole in the bone
usually something important goes through here (nerves, blood, vessels)
magnum foramen is where the spinal cord enters the brain

Front 15

skull characteristics

eye socket:
back of the skull:
cheek bone under eye:
nose area:
bottom jaw:

Back 15

united by immoveable joints (sutures)
-only the mandible is moveable
-protects the brain

orbit
occipital
zygomatic arch
maxilla
mandible

Front 16

vertebral column consists of

Back 16

7 cervical
13 thoracic
7 lumbar
and 3 sacrum
and 23 coccygeal

Front 17

vertebrae characteristics

Back 17

irregular bones that make up the vertebral column
intervertebral disks
disks can erode, be thrown, and can pinch nerves ESP: in dauschunds and beagles

Front 18

front leg consists of the (top to bottom)

Back 18

scapula
humerus
radius
ulna
carpal bones
metacarpal bones
phalanges

Front 19

back leg of a dog consists of

Back 19

pelvis
femur
tibia
fiula
patella
tarsal bone
metatarsal bone
phalanges

Front 20

stay apparatus

Back 20

allows a horse to stand while sleeping.

Front 21

which metacarpal bones does the horse stand on?

Back 21

metacarpal 3

Front 22

joints characteristics and joints

Back 22

junctions between bones
artho or articular
*shoulder joint (scapulohumeral)
-elbow joint
-hip joint (coxofemoral)
-stifle joint (kneecap)

Front 23

Examples of a fibrous joint
cardionalgius joint
synovial joint

Back 23

skull, immoveable sutures type joined by fibrous tissue
-pelvis, vertebrae, slight rocking allows pelvis to spread
-covered cartilage
joint capsule contains synovial fluid. freely moveable like shoulder and kneecap

Front 24

Flection?
extension?
aduction?
abduction
rotation
circumduction

Back 24

decrease angle between two bones
increase angle btwn. two bones
moving toward median plane
moving away from median plane
twisting on axis
moving in a circle (synovial joints)distal ends moves in circle)