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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
attachment
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a strong emotional and reciprocal bond between 2 people, usually between infant and caregiver as distressed when parted
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deprivation
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when something is taken away from you such as food or warmth. refers to the loss of emotional care which breaks emotional bonds
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privation
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a lack of the necessities of life. complete lack of emotional care. especially during first few years of life. no attachments formed
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who created the learning theory
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bowlby
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operant conditioning
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(reward) if behaviour is followed by a desirable consequence it becomes more frequent and vise versa. eg. getting told off for being late and not doing it again
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classical conditioning
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association. a form of learning where a neutral stimulus is paired with stimulus that already produces a response. over time neutral stimulus also produces that same response
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Harlow and Harlow
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harlow's monkeys
-test to see whether an infant monkey prefers security of mother or need for food. -showed infant goes to comfort before reaching good then returning to comfort |
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what is meant by the term unethical
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not be appropriate as May effect participants mental or physical health
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bowlbys connect 7 - the evolutionary theory
(at school my sister said I can't) |
Adaptive
Social releases monotropy sensitive period secure base internal working model continuity hypothesis |
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evolutionary theory
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bowlby:
attachment is important for survival. infants are helpless and need to be cared for. likely that humans have evolved this way. adults are innately programmed to attach to infants |
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pavlovs dogs
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supports classical conditioning
-dogs associated bell with food -salvation |
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pavlovs dogs
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supports classical conditioning
-dogs associated bell with food -salvation |
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what evidence goes against the learning theory?
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harlow's monkeys
preferred comfort and did not focus on food |
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secure attachment
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infant is content when mother is there, distressed when she leaves, glad for her her return. treats stranger differently from mother
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secure attachment
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infant is content when mother is there, distressed when she leaves, glad for her her return. treats stranger differently from mother
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insecure-avoided
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infant ignores mother, dependent, easily comforted by strangers
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secure attachment
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infant is content when mother is there, distressed when she leaves, glad for her her return. treats stranger differently from mother
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insecure-avoided
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infant ignores mother, dependent, easily comforted by strangers
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insecure resistant
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infant is discontent while with mother, distressed by parting, not easily comforted on return, may resist contact with both mother and stranger
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the strange situation (ainsworth and bell)
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-mother and child introduced to room, left alone and child plays with toys, stranger enters room and talks with mother, approaches child with a toy, mother leaves child to interact with stranger, mother returns and comforts child, child left alone, stranger returns to engage with child, mother returns and stranger leaves
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3 stages of seperation
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stage 1: protest - infant expresses anger fear and frustration
stage 2: infant shoes signs of depression, avoiding others stage 3: interaction with others resumes, but shows no preferences between other people. re-attachment is resisted |
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maternal deprivation hypothesis
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bowlby
-the belief that if an infant is unable to form a continuous relationship with the mother it will have difficulty forming other relationships in the future -risk of behavioural disorders -if separation is expedited before the critical period of 2 and a half years infant could be emotionally disturbed |
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the Czech twins
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lost mother shortly after birth. step mother locked them up and beat them. deprived of social care, restricted growth development. found at 7. lived normal lives after. went to a learning difficulties school. adopted into stable homes. still had eachother to form an attachment so could recover
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the Czech twins
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lost mother shortly after birth. step mother locked them up and beat them. deprived of social care, restricted growth development. found at 7. lived normal lives after. went to a learning difficulties school. adopted into stable homes. still had eachother to form an attachment so could recover
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genie
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grew up in isolation with no human contact for 10 years. she developed a strange walk and couldn't talk. at first she didn't respond to people but showed emotion after a while. she was educated and adopted. began to understand language and develop attachments.
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how does genie test bowlbys 'critical period' hypothesis?
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suggests it's still possible to form attachments after this time period
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Romanian orphans
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children can recover from early privation even after late adoption
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hodges and Tizard
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studied reactive attachment disorder
-children can recover from early privation. but earlier adoptions had more positive outcomes than later on |
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Penelope and leach
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children looked after by parents do better mentally than those cared for by childminders etc. but those who are childminded do better than those in nurseries
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EPPE project
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attending pre school was associated with better independence, co operation and conformity, also stability with other children
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