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30 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
attachment
a strong emotional and reciprocal bond between 2 people, usually between infant and caregiver as distressed when parted
deprivation
when something is taken away from you such as food or warmth. refers to the loss of emotional care which breaks emotional bonds
privation
a lack of the necessities of life. complete lack of emotional care. especially during first few years of life. no attachments formed
who created the learning theory
bowlby
operant conditioning
(reward) if behaviour is followed by a desirable consequence it becomes more frequent and vise versa. eg. getting told off for being late and not doing it again
classical conditioning
association. a form of learning where a neutral stimulus is paired with stimulus that already produces a response. over time neutral stimulus also produces that same response
Harlow and Harlow
harlow's monkeys
-test to see whether an infant monkey prefers security of mother or need for food.
-showed infant goes to comfort before reaching good then returning to comfort
what is meant by the term unethical
not be appropriate as May effect participants mental or physical health
bowlbys connect 7 - the evolutionary theory

(at school my sister said I can't)
Adaptive
Social releases
monotropy
sensitive period
secure base
internal working model
continuity hypothesis
evolutionary theory
bowlby:
attachment is important for survival. infants are helpless and need to be cared for. likely that humans have evolved this way. adults are innately programmed to attach to infants
pavlovs dogs
supports classical conditioning
-dogs associated bell with food
-salvation
pavlovs dogs
supports classical conditioning
-dogs associated bell with food
-salvation
what evidence goes against the learning theory?
harlow's monkeys
preferred comfort and did not focus on food
secure attachment
infant is content when mother is there, distressed when she leaves, glad for her her return. treats stranger differently from mother
secure attachment
infant is content when mother is there, distressed when she leaves, glad for her her return. treats stranger differently from mother
insecure-avoided
infant ignores mother, dependent, easily comforted by strangers
secure attachment
infant is content when mother is there, distressed when she leaves, glad for her her return. treats stranger differently from mother
insecure-avoided
infant ignores mother, dependent, easily comforted by strangers
insecure resistant
infant is discontent while with mother, distressed by parting, not easily comforted on return, may resist contact with both mother and stranger
the strange situation (ainsworth and bell)
-mother and child introduced to room, left alone and child plays with toys, stranger enters room and talks with mother, approaches child with a toy, mother leaves child to interact with stranger, mother returns and comforts child, child left alone, stranger returns to engage with child, mother returns and stranger leaves
3 stages of seperation
stage 1: protest - infant expresses anger fear and frustration
stage 2: infant shoes signs of depression, avoiding others
stage 3: interaction with others resumes, but shows no preferences between other people. re-attachment is resisted
maternal deprivation hypothesis
bowlby
-the belief that if an infant is unable to form a continuous relationship with the mother it will have difficulty forming other relationships in the future
-risk of behavioural disorders
-if separation is expedited before the critical period of 2 and a half years infant could be emotionally disturbed
the Czech twins
lost mother shortly after birth. step mother locked them up and beat them. deprived of social care, restricted growth development. found at 7. lived normal lives after. went to a learning difficulties school. adopted into stable homes. still had eachother to form an attachment so could recover
the Czech twins
lost mother shortly after birth. step mother locked them up and beat them. deprived of social care, restricted growth development. found at 7. lived normal lives after. went to a learning difficulties school. adopted into stable homes. still had eachother to form an attachment so could recover
genie
grew up in isolation with no human contact for 10 years. she developed a strange walk and couldn't talk. at first she didn't respond to people but showed emotion after a while. she was educated and adopted. began to understand language and develop attachments.
how does genie test bowlbys 'critical period' hypothesis?
suggests it's still possible to form attachments after this time period
Romanian orphans
children can recover from early privation even after late adoption
hodges and Tizard
studied reactive attachment disorder
-children can recover from early privation. but earlier adoptions had more positive outcomes than later on
Penelope and leach
children looked after by parents do better mentally than those cared for by childminders etc. but those who are childminded do better than those in nurseries
EPPE project
attending pre school was associated with better independence, co operation and conformity, also stability with other children