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74 Cards in this Set
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adenosine alternate name alternate name |
Adenocard |
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Adenosine classification |
Antidysrhythmic |
Changes heart rhythms |
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Adenosine mechanism of action |
Adenosine is a naturally occurring nucleoside that can Convert paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) to a normal sinus rhythm by blocking conduction through the atrioventricular AV node. It has a half life of 10 seconds and does not cause hypotension. |
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Adenosine indications |
Conversion of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia psvt to sinus rhythm, May convert reentry supraventricular tachycardia SVT due to Wolf Parkinson's White wpw syndrome. Does not convert atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter or ventricular tachycardia. |
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Adenosine contraindications |
Second or third degree heart block or sick sinus syndrome, afib/ flutter, v-tach, hypersensitivity to adenosine, poison induced tachycardia. |
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Adenosine precautions |
May cause transient dysrhythmia such as prolong sinus arrest. Can induce bronchoconstriction in asthmatics and COPD patients. Lower doses may be an effective if patient on Theophylline or excessive caffeine. Very short half-life, about 10 to 12 seconds, so must be given rapid IV push in the most proximal Port followed immediately by saline flush. Pregnancy category C. |
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Adenosine adverse effects |
Facial flushing, chest pain, Headache, nausea, hypotension. |
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Adenosine dosage /route |
Adult: 6 mg rapid IV / 1 to 3 seconds, followed by 20 ml saline flush, if no response after 1 to 2 minutes, repeat with 12 mg / 1 to 3 seconds to a maximum dose of 30 mg. Pediatric: 0.1 to 0.2 mg per kg rapid IV maximum single dose 12 mg. |
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Amiodarone alternate names |
Cordarone, pacerone |
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Amiodarone classification |
Antidysrhythmic |
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Amiodarone mechanism of action |
Block sodium and potassium channels of myocardial cells dust affecting the action potential of the cell. Prolongs the duration of the action potential and refractory period and relaxes smooth muscles, reducing peripheral vascular resistance and increasing coronary blood flow. |
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Amiodarone indications |
v-fib, pulseless v-tach and unstable v-tach, persistent supraventricular tachycardia is unresponsive to other treatment. |
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Amiodarone contraindications |
Known hypersensitivity, cardiogenic shock, sinus bradycardia, and second or third degree AV block. |
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Amiodarone precautions |
Hepatic impairment, pregnancy, nursing mothers, children. |
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Amiodarone adverse effects |
Hypotension, bradycardia, prolongation of the pr, QRS, and QT intervals. |
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Amiodarone dosage and route |
Adult. V-fib, pulseless v-tach unresponsive to CPR, defibrillation, vasopressors. 300 mg IV or IO push recommended dilution in 20 to 30 ml D5W. Repeat at 1/2 does after 3 to 5 minutes. Ventricular arrhythmias. Infuse 150 mg IV IO over 10 minutes 15 mg per minute. May repeat every 10 minutes to a maximum dose of 2.2 grams in 24 hours. Pediatric refractory v-fib, pulseless v-tach. 5 mg per kilogram IV IO bolus. Can repeat this dose up to 15 mg per kg per 24 hours. Max dose of 300 mg. Perfusing svt's and v-tach. Loading dose of 5 mg per kilogram I VI o over 20 to 60 minutes with a Max single dose of 300 mg. Can repeat to Max of 15 mg per kilogram per day. |
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Acetylsalicylic acid names |
Aspirin, asa,enpirin, gen pirineo, Bayer, Norwich extra strength, st Joseph's adult, ecotrine, halfprin 81,heartline, zorprin, easprin, asaphen, entrophen, novasen. |
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Acetylsalicylic acid classification |
NSAID, Platelet aggregation inhibitor |
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Activated charcoal classification |
Absorbant |
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Activated charcoal moa |
Activated charcoal is a specially prepared charcoal that would resorb and bind toxins from the gastrointestinal tract |
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Activated charcoal indications |
Most oral poisonings and medication overdoses, can be used after evacuation of poisons. |
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Activated charcoal contra |
None reported |
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Activated charcoal precaucion |
Not recommended for poisonings due to cyanide, iron, lithium, lead, or arsenic. Does not absorb. Used cautiously with ingestion of corrosive, petroleum distillates, caustics, organic solvents, May induce vomiting leading to aspiration. |
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Activated charcoal dose |
Adult 25 to 100 G orally. Pediatric 1 to 2 grams per kilogram. Can be used in conjunction with cathartic, magnesium citrate or sorbitol. |
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Albuterol names |
Proventil, Ventolin |
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Albuterol classification |
Bronchodilator, sympathomimetic |
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Albuterol moa |
Selective beta 2 Agonist that induces bronchodilation by relaxation of smooth muscles in the bronchial tree. Onset of action via inhalation is 5 to 15 minutes with a duration of 3 to 6 hours. |
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Albuterol indications |
To control bronchospasm in patients with reversible obstructive airway disease, COPD, asthma. Prevention of exercise induced bronchospasms. |
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Albuterol contraindications |
known hypersensitivity. |
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Albuterol precautions |
Used cautiously in cardiac disease, hypertension, hypothyroidism, diabetes, seizure disorder, patients with tachyarrhythmia is taking Digoxin, safety not established for pregnant patients near-term, breastfeeding, and children less than 2 years old. |
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Albuterol adverse reactions |
Restlessness, Tremors, nervousness, paradoxical bronchospasm, chest pain, tachycardia, nausea and vomiting, hyperglycemia |
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Albuterol dose/routes |
Adults and children over 12 years old, 2.5 mg added to 2 ml of normal saline for inhalation buy nebulizer, repeat every 20 minutes up to three times, metered dose inhaler. 1 to 2 inhalations or 90 to 100 micrograms, 5 minutes between inhalations. Pediatric ages 2 to 12, administer 0.15 mg per kilogram per dose every 20 minutes for a maximum of 3 doses |
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Aspirin names |
Acetylsalicylic acid, Alka-Seltzer, Bayer, empirin, St Joseph's children's, and many other compounds. |
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Aspirin classification |
Salicylate, platelet inhibitor, anti-inflammatory |
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Aspirin mechanism of action |
Prostaglandin inhibition, aspirin inhibits agents that cause the production of inflammation, pain, and fever, and inhibits platelet aggregation. |
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Aspirin indications |
New onset chest pain suggestive of acute myocardial infarction, recent cerebrovascular accidents. |
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Aspirin contraindications |
Hypersensitivity, relatively contraindicated in patients with active peptic ulcer disease, allergy to other NSAIDs medication, and bleeding disorders. |
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Aspirin precautions |
Children or teenagers with varicella or influenza-like symptoms, increases the risk of Reye's syndrome. Pregnancy category D. |
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Aspirin adverse effects |
GI bleeding, nausea and vomiting. |
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Aspirin dose route |
Adult. 160 mg to 325 mg mg orally, chewed if possible. Pediatric, not recommended. |
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Dextrose name |
D50W |
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Dextrose classification |
Carbohydrate, hypertonic solution. |
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Dextrose mechanism of action |
Rapidly increases serum glucose levels. Short-term osmotic diuresis |
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Dextrose indications |
Hypoglycemia, altered level of consciousness, seizure or coma of unknown etiology, status epilepticus. |
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Dextrose contraindications |
Intracranial hemorrhage. |
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Dextrose precautions |
Increased intracranial pressure. Determine blood glucose level before Administration. Drug interaction with sodium bicarbonate and Coumadin. Administering thiamine prior to D50 and known alcoholics and, encephalopathy. |
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Dextrose adverse effects |
Extravasation leads to tissue necrosis, ensure good IV access. Pain and burning at IV site. Phlebitis. |
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Dextrose dose route |
Adult. 12.5 to 25 grams slow IV, may be repeated as necessary, 25g D50 W 50 ml IV. Pediatric. 0.5 to 1 gram per kilogram per dose slow IV, may be repeated as necessary, for infants and small children use a 10% or 25% solution. |
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Epinephrine names |
Adrenaline |
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Epinephrine classification |
Sympathomimetic |
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Epinephrine moa |
Non-selective Alpha and beta adrenergic Agonist. A naturally occurring catecholamine that increases heart rate, chronotropy, cardiac contractile Force, inotropy, myocardial electrical activity, dromotropy, increases systemic vascular resistance, and systolic blood pressure, and decreases overall Airway resistance. It also, through bronchial artery constriction, May reduce pulmonary congestion and increase tidal volume and vital capacity. |
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Epinephrine indications |
Cardiac Arrest, ventricular fibrillation, pulseless ventricular tachycardia, assist Ali, and p e a. Anaphylaxis and allergic reactions. Symptomatic bradycardia, when atropine and transcutaneous pacing do not work. Severe hypotension, as an alternative to dopamine. Asthma, allergic reactions |
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Epinephrine contra |
Hypertension, hypothermia, pulmonary edema, myocardial ischemia, hypovolemic shock. |
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Epinephrine precautions |
Elderly, debilitated patients, hypertension history, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, Parkinson's |
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Epinephrine adverse effects |
Nervousness, Tremor, angina, arrhythmia, hypertension, tachycardia, hyperglycemia, paradoxical bronchospasm. |
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Epinephrine dose route |
Cardiac arrest. Follow ACLS guidelines, 1mg, 10 mL of a 1 to 10 solution every three to five minutes during resuscitation. Asthma and allergic reactions. 0.3 to 0.5 mg or 0.3 t o 0.5 milliliters of a 1 to 1000 concentration subcutaneous. Anaphylaxis. 0.1 mg or 1 ml of 1 to 10,000 solution IV IO over 5 minutes. Follow each dose with 20 flush and Elevate arm for 10 to 20 seconds after dose. Higher dose, up to 0.2 mg per kg may be used for specific indications such as calcium channel blocker or beta blocker overdose. Pediatric, follow Pals guidelines. Cardiac arrest. 0.01 mg per kilogram or 0.1 ml per kilogram of a 1 to 10,000 solution IV IO dose. Anaphylaxis, 0.01 mg per kilogram or 0.1 ml per kilogram are they 1 to 10000 solution IV IO every 3 to 5 minutes if hypotension is present maximum dose of 1mg or 0.01 mg per kilogram, 0.01 ml per kilogram of a 1 to 1000 solution every 15 minutes as needed maximum dose of 0.3 mg intramuscular. Shock, I VI o continuous infusion of 0.11 microgram per kilogram per minute. Asthma and Mild allergic reactions. 0.01 mg per kg subcut, 0.01 ml per kilogram of a 1 to 1000 solution every 3 to 5 minutes maximum dose of 1mg. |
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Diphenhydramine name |
Benadryl |
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Diphenhydramine classification |
Antihistamine/anticholinergic |
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Diphenhydramine mech of action |
Blocks cellular histamine release (H1); decreases vasodilation; reverses extrapyradimal reactions. |
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Diphenhydramine indications |
Anaphylactic reactions; Allergic reactions ; dystonic reactions ; motion sickness ; hay fever. |
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Diphenhydramine contraindications |
Asthma, glaucoma, infants, pts taking MAOI drugs. |
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Diphenhydramine precautions |
Pregnancy B, potentiates effects of alcohol and anticholinergic drugs. |
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Diphenhydramine adverse effects |
Hypotension, sedation and drowsiness, headache, dizziness, excitable state (children), blurred vision, dry mouth. |
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Diphenhydramine dose/route |
Adults: 25-50mg IV/IM/PO PEDI: 1-2mg/kg IV/IO slowly PO dose is 5mg/kg/24hr |
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Haloperidol (Haldol) classification |
Tranquilizer, antipsychotic |
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Activated charcoal dose |
(Adult) 25-100gm PO (PEDI) 1-2gm/kg |
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Albuterol dose |
(Adult) >12y/o: 2.5mg nebulizer repeat every 20min x3 (PEDI) .15mg/kg/dose |
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Aspirin dose |
(Adult) 160-325 mg po chewed (PEDI) not recommended |
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Glucagon dose |
(Adult) hypoglycemic 0.5-1.0 mg/kg IM (may repeat in 7-10min) Calcium channel/beta blocker OD :3mg followe by 3mg/hr infusion (PEDI) 0.5-1mg IM |
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Atrovent |
(Adult) 500mcg nebulizer every 6-8hr (PEDI) not recommended |
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Noxolone |
(Adult) 0.4-2.0 mg IV/IO/IM/ET Infusion 2mg/500ml D5W 0.4mg/hr (PEDI) 0.1mg/kg max 0.8mg repeat in 10 for effect |
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Nitroglycerin dose |
(Adult) 0.4 mg SL every 3-5min x3 Infusion 10-20mcg/min increase 5/10mcg every 5min for effect. |
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Nitro paste dose |
1/2 to 1 in strip |
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Oral glucose dose |
Sip slowly till clinical improvement (15mg?) |
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