Mcat Biology Lecture 2

Front 1

Gene expression involves the activity of _______ binding to the promoter and catalyzing the synthesis of RNA and eventually protein.

Back 1

RNA polymerase

Front 2

Back 2

A. Both of OH groups at 3'

Front 3

Back 3

B. Guanine-cytosine had 3 H bonds

Front 4

Where in a cell could one find DNA?

Back 4

Nucleus and mitochondrial matrix. RNA is also in the cytosol.

Front 5

Technique used to identify fragments of known DNA sequences in a large population of DNA

Back 5

Southern blotting

Front 6

Same as southern blot, but identities RNA fragments

Back 6

Northern blotting

Front 7

Technique used to detect a protein with antibodies

Back 7

Western blotting

Front 8

What are the 3 stop codons?

Back 8

UAA, UAG, UGA

Front 9

Where are ribosomes made in eukaryotes?

Back 9

Nucleolus. Prokaryotes don't have this.

Front 10

Mutation which codes for a stop codon

Back 10

Nonsense

Front 11

Mutation which codes for another amino acid

Back 11

Missense

Front 12

Where in a cell could one find DNA?

Back 12

Nucleus and mitochondrial matrix. RNA is also in the cytosol.

Front 13

Technique used to identify fragments of known DNA sequences in a large population of DNA

Back 13

Southern blotting

Front 14

Same as southern blot, but identities RNA fragments

Back 14

Northern blotting

Front 15

Technique used to detect a protein with antibodies

Back 15

Western blotting

Front 16

What are the 3 stop codons?

Back 16

UAA, UAG, UGA

Front 17

Where are ribosomes made in eukaryotes?

Back 17

Nucleolus. Prokaryotes don't have this.

Front 18

Mutation which codes for a stop codon

Back 18

Nonsense

Front 19

Mutation which codes for another amino acid

Back 19

Missense

Front 20

Mutation from wild type to mutated starw

Back 20

Forward mutation.

Front 21

What makes up chromatin?

Back 21

1/3 DNA 2/3 protein, very small amount of RNA

Front 22

2 chromosome partners which code for the same trait

Back 22

Two chromosome partners which code for the same trait.

Hint 22

Homologous chromosomes. Cell containing these is diploid.

Front 23

A structure of protein and DNA located at the centromere of the joined chromatids of each chromosome

Back 23

Kinetochore

Front 24

Microtubules radiating from the centrioles

Back 24

Asters

Front 25

Development of oocytes are arrested in which phase of meiosis?

Back 25

Prophase 1

Front 26

Crossing over and possible genetic recombination occurs in which stage of meiosis?

Back 26

P1

Front 27

Homologous are separated from their partners during which stage of meiosis?

Back 27

A1

Front 28

Cell goes from diploid to haploid during which stage of meiosis?

Back 28

T1

Front 29

Occurs when during a1 or A2, the centrosome does not split.

Back 29

Nondisjunction. Result is one cell will have 2 extra chromatids and the other will be missing a chromosome. Down syndrome is NDJ on the 21st chromosome.

Front 30

Back 30

C

Front 31

What are the 3 rules for translation?

Back 31

1) synthesis proceeds from the N terminus to the C terminus of the protein 2) ribosomes must read the mRNA molecules in the 5' to 3' direction 3) translation requires the formation of a poly-ribosome in order to complete translation in a timely manner

Front 32

Prokaryotic Ribosomes ___ in size and are made of 50S and 30S subunits

Back 32

70S

Front 33

Eukaryotic ribosomes are ___ in size and contain 60S and 40S subunits

Back 33

80S

Front 34

Back 34

D. 5' cap and 3' tail function to increase RNA stability

Front 35

Only optically inactive amino acid

Back 35

Glycine

Front 36

Classic MCAT NOnpolar amino acid

Back 36

Valine

Front 37

Only imino acid. Known as helix breaker bc it doesn't allow for proper alpha helix formation

Back 37

Proline

Front 38

Back 38

A

Front 39

Back 39

D