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39 Cards in this Set
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Calonne's "assembly of notables" |
1786 One of the results of the French government not being able to borrow any more money; it's tried together nobles, prelates, and magistrates; everyone assembled refused to cooperate; it brought further disaster to France |
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Estates General |
Late 1700s Representatives from each state of French society that gather to discuss issues; the Third Estate got double representation; cahiers de dolences advocated a regular constitutional government that abolished the privileges of the nobility and the church; opened at Versailles and was divided by how to vote |
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Cahiers de dolences |
Late 1700s Statements of local grievances from all estates; isolated irregular constitutional government and wanted to abolish privileges of the nobility and the church to regenerate the country |
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Abbe Sieyes |
Late 1700s The representatives of the estates-general who issued a pamphlet that asked "what is the third estate?"; he insisted that the Third Estate was the foundation of the French economic system but the first and second estates did not agree with him |
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Tennis Court Oath |
1789 And was taken by the members of the Third Estate, who now called themselves the National Assembly, in a tennis court at Versailles that pledge to meet until they had produced a French Constitution |
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National Assembly |
1789 Members of the Third Estate to make a French Constitution and took the Tennis Court Oath but had no legal right to act as the National Assembly; they were mostly composed of lawyers |
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Fall of the Bastille |
1789 One of the most famous urban uprisings at the start of the French Revolution; the need for weapons led to attacks on Royal armoury such as the Bastille, which was also a state prison, and the commander of the Bastille wanted to negotiate instead of the send but when he refused open fire and soon surrendered; the Parisians thought the fall of the Bastille was a great victory and it quickly became a symbol of triumph |
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The great fear |
1789 Avast panic that spread through France because of the peasant revolts; lasted from July 20th to August 6th; there was fear of invasion by foreign troops that was supported by an aristocratic plot that encourage the formation of more citizens militias; its greatest impact was on the National Assembly |
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Declaration of the Rights of Man and citizen |
1789 The Constitution that was the outcome of the Tennis Court Oath and reflected the ideas of French Enlightenment philosophes; said that the natural rights of man where Liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression; affirmed the destruction of aristocratic privileges and restricted the monarchy; gave citizens the right to take part in the legislative process and the freedom of speech and press; outlawed arbitrary arrest |
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Olympe de Gouges |
1789 A playwright and pamphleteer in during the French Revolution question the inclusion of women in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and citizen and insisted that women and men should have equal rights but it was ignored by the National Assembly |
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Women's march on Versailles |
1789 Amartya prison woman to the Hotel de Ville to demand bread that turned into a march to the Versailles to confront the King in the National Assembly; Louis the 16th promised the woman grain supplies thinking it would end the protest but the woman instead marched into Versailles demanding that the royal family returned to Paris to which the king eventually complied; some women health pikes with the severed heads of guards on the end; resulted in the king virtually being a prisoner in Paris |
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Assignants |
1789 A form of paper money that held little value but was issued based on the collateral of the newly nationalized church property |
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Constitution of 1791 |
New constitution created by the National Assembly that a limited constitutional monarchy and made a distinction between active and passive citizens; said that only active citizens could vote; divided France into 83 departments; bourgeois and aristocrats were eligible for offices |
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Jacobins |
1789 A radical political club that offered solutions to Frances problems; was made a Parisian club and have 900 separate clubs associated with the Parisian center; in Brazil usually the elite of the local societies |
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Declaration of Pillnitz |
1791 Issued by Emperor Leopold the second of Austria and King Frederick William of Prussia; invited other monarchs to take the most effectual means to strengthen the monarchy of France; European monarchs were too suspicious of one another to take part in such a plan and later France declared war on Austria |
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Sans-culottes |
1792 A new Paris Commune that formed during the French Revolution; they were ordinary Patriots without fine clothes and many radical members are not poor but they came from the wealthy bourgeois |
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Georges Danton |
1759 - 1794 The Minister of Justice for the Paris Commune and the leader of the sans-culottes who sought Revenge on those who had aided the king; fear of an invasion by the Prussians intensified |
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Girondins |
1792 One of the factions the National Convention split into whose leaders came from the Department of Girond; they were members of the Jacobin Club |
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The mountain |
1792 One of the two factions that the National Convention split into whose members seats we're on the side of the Convention hall where the floor slanted upwards; they were members of the Jacobin Club |
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Vendee revolt |
1793 Consisted of peasants who revolted against to do military draft then it escalated into a full-blown counter-revolutionary appeal; an effect of the arrest and execution of leading Girondins leaving the mountain in control; some of France's major provincial cities began to break away from the central authority and favored decentralized Republic |
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Committee of Public Safety |
1793 An executive committee formed by the National Convention that was initially dominated by Danton; Robespierre was a member; established the reign of terror to meet the domestic prices |
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Maximilian Robespierre |
1758 - 1794 A major member of the Committee of Public Safety he was originally a small town lawyer had moved to Paris as a member of the estates-general; he was dedicated to using power to benefit the people |
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Nation in arms |
The French Republic army that was the biggest ever seen in European history; it number to bout 1 million 160 9000 and it pushed the Allies back across the Rhine and conquered the Austrian Netherlands; created modern nationalism |
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" reign of terror" |
1794 Established by the Committee of Public Safety to meet the domestic crisis; revolutionary courts were organized to protect the Republic from internal enemies; many victims were people who had opposed the radical activities of the sans-culottes; most of the terrors executions took place in places that have been open in rebellion against the National Convention; revolutionary armies for brutal in defeating the rebel armies but they were most destructive in Vendee; demonstrated little class prejudice |
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" Republic of virtue" |
1793 Committee of Public Safety's attempt to control France and create a new Republican order; the Committee committee sent representatives of government agents to explain the war emergency measures and to implant was dealing with the wartime emergency; attempted to provide some economic controls and price controls but ultimately failed |
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De-christianization |
1793 The effect of the national conventions attempt to create a new order; the word saint was removed from street names and churches were pillaged and closed by revolutionary armies; the Cathedral of Notre Dame was renamed the temple of reason; ultimately backfired because France was overwhelmingly Catholic; adopted a new Republican calendar |
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Toussaint L'Ouverture |
1746 - 1803 Took over leadership of the revolt in Spain and seized control of Hispaniola by 1801; help Haiti declare its freedom from France; French revolutionary ideals ultimately triumphed abroad |
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Thermidorian Reaction |
1795 The reaction to Robespierre's execution; named after the month of Thermidor on the new Republican calendar; the National Convention curtailed the power of the Committee of Safety, shut down the Jacobin Club, and allowed churches to worship publicly; laissez-faire economics were put into place; adopted the constitution of 1795 which created a national legislative assembly consisting of two chambers the Council of 500 and the council of elders; define who could vote; executive authority called Directory |
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The Directory |
1795 The executive authority in the Constitution of 1795; consisted of five directors elected by the council of elders; had to contend with political enemies from both ends of the political spectrum |
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Napoleon |
1769 - 1821 The leader of France after and during the French Revolution; dominated French and European history; brought the French Revolution to an end; educated in the ideas of the Enlightenment; brilliant War general; gained control of consul; returned France to a monarchy with himself in absolute control as emperor; made peace with the Catholic Church |
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Concordat of 1801 |
Napoleon's attempt to make peace with the Catholic Church; the Pope gained the right to dispose French bishops but the state nominated them; the Catholic Church was again allowed to hold processions but the Pope could not question the confiscation of church lands or the accomplishments of the revolution; Catholicism was not reestablished as the state religion |
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Napoleonic Civil Code |
Early 1800s A code of laws made by Napoleon that preserved most revolutionary gains; established equality of citizens before the law, the right to choose a profession, religious toleration, and the abolition of serfdom and feudalism; reflected revolutionary aspirations; made divorce easy for men but not woman |
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Prefects |
Early 1800s The most important of Napoleons government agents who were appointed by Napoleon himself; responsible for supervising all aspects of local government and depended on the central government |
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Battle of Austerlitz |
1805 Battle of Napoleon against Austria and Russia; Napoleon was very outnumbered they are fighting on very poor terrain; Napoleon 1 and Austria shed for peace in the Russian troops went back to Russia |
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Napoleon's Grand Empire |
Early 1800s The land that Napoleon had control over; consisted of the French Empire, a series of dependent States, and allied States; allied States were those defended by Napoleon and were forced to join his struggle against Britain; Napoleon tried to destroy the old order in the inner core of the dependent States; the nobility and the clergy lost their special privileges |
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Continental System |
1806 One of Napoleon's attempts to weaken Britain that attempted to prevent British goods from reaching the European continent to weaken Britains economics; failed overall; allied States resisted and formed a collaboration with Britain instead of against Britain |
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Nationalism |
Early 1800s The unique cultural identity of a people; an important factor in the defeat of Napoleon; spread with the principles of the French Revolution; the Spanish and the Germans used nationalism to rise up against the French; cause pressure to undergo a series of political and military reforms |
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Johann Gottlieb Fitche |
A German philosopher supported nationalism and advocated cultural individualism; at first welcome to the French Revolution but then became a proponent of German national spirit |
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Napoleon's invasion of Russia |
1812 The beginning of Napoleon's downfall; Napoleon invaded Russia numbing the risk of inviting such a large country; as soon as the armies met, Russians retreated farther into Russia burning down villages and countryside as they went; heat and disease took their effect on Napoleon army; when Napoleon reached Moscow, the city was on fire and Napoleon soon made the "Great Retreat" back across Russia in winter conditions; led to the ultimate defeat of Napoleon |
