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16 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Organ

Wind instrument in which air is fed to the pipes by mechanical means; the pipes are controlled by two or more keyboards and a set of pedals.

Harpsichord

Early Baroque keyboard instrument in which the strings are plucked by quills instead of being struck with hammers like the piano.

Toccata

Virtuoso composition, generally for organ or harpsichord, in a free and rhapsodic style; in the Baroque era, it often served as the introduction to a fugue.

Prelude

Instrumental work preceding a larger work.

Fugue

Polyphonic form popular in the Baroque era, in which one or more themes are developed by imitative counterpoint.

Imitation

Melodic idea presented in one voice or part and then restated in another, each part continuing as others enter.

Subject

The main idea or theme of a work, as in a fugue.

Answer

Second entry of the subject in a fugue, usually pitched a fourth below or a fifth above the subject.

Countersubject

In a fugue, a secondary theme heard against the subject; a countertheme.

Exposition

Opening section. In the fugue, the first section in which the voices enter in turn with the subject. In sonata-allegro form, the first section in which the major thematic material is stated. Also statement.

Episodes

Interlude or intermediate section in the Baroque fugue that serves as an area of relaxation between statements of the subject. In a Baroque concerto, the free and inventive material that alternates with returns of the ritornello, or instrumental refrain.

Augmentation

Statement of a melody in longer note values, often twice as slow as the original.

Diminution

Statement of a melody in shorter note values, often twice as fast as the original.

Retrograde

Backward statement of a melody.

Inversion

Mirror or upside-down image of a melody or pattern, found in fugues and twelve-tone compositions.

Stretto

In a fugue, when entries of the subject occur at faster intervals of time so that they overlap, forming dense, imitative counterpoint. Stretto usually occurs at the climactic moment near the end.