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149 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Indication of valve malfunction?
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Murmur
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Who often develops murmurs as they grow?
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Children
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What are the types of blood vessels?
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Arteries, capillaries, veins
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How many layers does the walls of the arteries and veins have?
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Three
1) endothelium (inner layer) 2)smooth muscle and elastic tissue (middle layer) 3)connective tissue(outside layer) |
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Arteries are
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Blood vessels on the ventricular side of the heart
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Arterioles are
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Small vessels that branch from larger arteries and are structurally similar
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Capillaries function
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The exchange of gases, nutrients, wastes, across the blood vessel wall
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Veins
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Bring blood back to the heart
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Venule
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Small veins that collect blood from capillaries
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The pulmonary circuit
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Exchanges carbon dioxide in the blood for oxygen from the environment
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The systematic circuit
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Brings oxygen and nutrients to the tissues ,and then removes carbon dioxide from them.
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The veins in the portal system
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Break up into another set of capillary beds before the blood returns to the heart
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In the portal system blood
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Slows in the organs before being pushed back to the heart
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In the portal system blood
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Slows in the organs before being pushed back to the heart
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Before blood enters the liver through the Hepatic portal system
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It absorbs nutrients in capillary beds in the small intestine
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In the portal system blood
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Slows in the organs before being pushed back to the heart
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Before blood enters the liver through the Hepatic portal system
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It absorbs nutrients in capillary beds in the small intestine
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Where does blood collect in the hepatic portal system?
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In the hepatic portal vein
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In the portal system blood
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Slows in the organs before being pushed back to the heart
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Before blood enters the liver through the Hepatic portal system
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It absorbs nutrients in capillary beds in the small intestine
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Where does blood collect in the hepatic portal system?
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In the hepatic portal vein
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Function of the hepatic portal vein
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Drain from the small intestine to the liver and then pass through another capillary bed
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Bloodflow in the hepatic portal system
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Slows the capillary bed of the liver so hepatocyte can remove the detrimental ions and compounds that were picked out by the digestive track
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In the hepatic portal system the cleansed blood collects where ?
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In the hepatic vein
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In the hepatic portal system the Cleansed blood drains where?
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In the inferior vena cava
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What disease is the leading cause of death in Western countries?
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Cardiovascular disease
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The most common cardiovascular diseases include
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Hypertension, atherosclerosis,
heart attack, heart failure, embolism, stroke, and varicose veins |
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The risk factors for cardiovascular disease can be
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Genetics or environmental
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What gender suffers more from CVD
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Males
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Hypertension also known as
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The silent killer
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How is hypertension diagnosed
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When systolic blood pressure is above 140 mmHG or diastolic pressure is above 90 mmHG
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Chronic hypertension
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Is when capillary beds leak blood into the surrounding tissues or break entirely causing internal bruising
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The key risk in chronic hypertension is
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Stroke
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The key risk in chronic hypertension is
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Stroke
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Atherosclerosis is known as
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Literally "hardened vessels"
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Atherosclerosis
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Is when plaques and fatty deposits accumulate inside the vessels walls blocking the lumen reducing blood flow
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And embolism or aneurysm in the brain can cause
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A stroke
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And embolism or aneurysm in the brain can cause
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A stroke
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An aneurysm is
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An abnormal widening or
ballooning of a portion of an artery due to weakness in the wall of the blood vessels |
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A stroke
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Starves the tissues fed by the blocked or broken artery of oxygen and nutrients
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A heart attack is
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The death of a portion of the heart muscle due to lack of oxygen
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And MI or a heart attack usually occurs when
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Happens when plaques in. A coronary artery are blocking the blood flow
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When the heart is working hard or stress
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Angina
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Congestive heart failure is
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Due to a weak heart
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Varicose veins are
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Distentions of the venous walls near valves
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What is critical to maintaining homeostasis
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Blood
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What is critical to maintaining homeostasis
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Blood
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What does blood consist of
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Plasma cells and other formed elements
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Plasma compromises approximately
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46 to 63% of total blood volume
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Plasma compromises approximately
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46 to 63% of total blood volume
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White blood cells are
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Defensive cells critical to the immune system
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Plasma compromises approximately
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46 to 63% of total blood volume
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White blood cells are
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Defensive cells critical to the immune system
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Types of white blood cell
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Five types three granular and two agranular
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Plasma compromises approximately
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46 to 63% of total blood volume
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White blood cells are
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Defensive cells critical to the immune system
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Types of white blood cell
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Five types three granular and two agranular
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Name the granular cells
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Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and basophils
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Plasma compromises approximately
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46 to 63% of total blood volume
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White blood cells are
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Defensive cells critical to the immune system
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Types of white blood cell
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Five types three granular and two agranular
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Name the granular cells
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Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and basophils
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Name the agranular cells
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Lymphocytes and monocytes
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Red blood cells
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Carry oxygen
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Red blood cells
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Carry oxygen
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Red blood cells are also known as
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Erythrocytes
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Red blood cells
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Carry oxygen
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Red blood cells are also known as
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Erythrocytes
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The lifespan of an RBC is
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120 days
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The rate of RBC formation is affected by
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Hormones and environmental need
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RBC like other somatic cells have
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Marker protein on their surfaces
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Blood type is described as
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A, B, AB, or O
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Blood type A contains
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Anti-B agglutinin that will clump B blood
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Blood type A contains
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Anti-B agglutinin that will clump B blood
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Blood type B has
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Anti-A agglutinin which clumps type A blood
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Blood type A contains
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Anti-B agglutinin that will clump B blood
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Blood type B has
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Anti-A agglutinin which clumps type A blood
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Type O blood Carries
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Anti-A + Anti-B agglutinins
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What is the final type of formed elements
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Platelets
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Platelets
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Are fragments of large cells called megakaryocytes that remain in the bone marrow
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Clotting is necessary for maintaining
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Fluid homeostasis
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Leukemia is
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A cancer of the bone marrow
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Anemia is
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Deficiency of red blood cells
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What does the cardiovascular system do
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Transports blood, nutrients, wastes,also dissolves gases to and from the tissues |
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What does the cardiovascular system include
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The heart, blood vessels and blood
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What does the cardiovascular system include
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The heart, blood vessels and blood
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What does the cardiovascular system work with
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Respiratory system to deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
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What does the cardiovascular system include
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The heart, blood vessels and blood
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What does the cardiovascular system work with
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Respiratory system to deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
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Blood the returns from the long enters
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The left atrium
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Blood that drops from the lungs goes to the
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The mitral valve into the left ventricle
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Coronary sinus
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Enlarge Veins from junctions of coronary veins which empty into the right atrium
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thick wall that divides the two sides of the heart
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Septum
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Pericardium
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Lubricate fluid that protects the heart and prevents it from damaging itself
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Pericardium
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Lubricate fluid that protects the heart and prevents it from damaging itself
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Coronary arteries
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First two branches of the aorta that feed the heart
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Pericardium
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Lubricate fluid that protects the heart and prevents it from damaging itself
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Coronary arteries
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First two branches of the aorta that feed the heart
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What three layers is a heart composed of
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Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
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Pericardium
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Lubricate fluid that protects the heart and prevents it from damaging itself
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Coronary arteries
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First two branches of the aorta that feed the heart
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What three layers is a heart composed of
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Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
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How many chambers does the heart have
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4
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Pericardium
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Lubricate fluid that protects the heart and prevents it from damaging itself
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Coronary arteries
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First two branches of the aorta that feed the heart
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What three layers is a heart composed of
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Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
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How many chambers does the heart have
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4
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How many ventricles and atriums does the heart have
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Two ventricles and 2 atriums left and right
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The left ventricle
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Pushes blood throughout the body
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The right ventricle
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Pushes blood only to the nearby lungs
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The atriums
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Receiveblood from large veins and direct it into the ventricles
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The heart resides in
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Thoracic cavity
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The heart resides in
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Thoracic cavity
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How many layers does the heart have
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3
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The heart resides in
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Thoracic cavity
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How many layers does the heart have
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3
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The heart is a how many cycle Organ
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2
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The heart resides in
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Thoracic cavity
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How many layers does the heart have
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3
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The heart is a how many cycle Organ
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2
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Systole
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Contraction of the muscle
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The heart resides in
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Thoracic cavity
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How many layers does the heart have
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3
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The heart is a how many cycle Organ
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2
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Systole
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Contraction of the muscle
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Diastole
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Relaxation of the muscle
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The heart resides in
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Thoracic cavity
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How many layers does the heart have
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3
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The heart is a how many cycle Organ
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2
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Systole
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Contraction of the muscle
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Diastole
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Relaxation of the muscle
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The tricuspid valve
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Is found the right ventricle
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The heart resides in
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Thoracic cavity
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How many layers does the heart have
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3
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The heart is a how many cycle Organ
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2
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Systole
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Contraction of the muscle
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Diastole
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Relaxation of the muscle
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The tricuspid valve
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Is found the right ventricle
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The bicuspid/mitral valve
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Is found in the left ventricle
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Heart sounds
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S1 "lubb" + s2 "dupp"
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What serves as a heart pacemaker
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The sinoatrial node
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The sinoatrial node
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Initiate the heartbeat causing the left and right atrium to contract
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Where is the atrioventricular
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Base of the left atrium near the ventricle
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Where is the atrioventricular
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Base of the left atrium near the ventricle
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Atrioventricular
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The relay station that delays the contraction impulse before sending it on
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A heart valve
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Allows bloodflow in only one direction through the heart
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Intrinsic controls
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Control usual heartbeats and creates synchronize contractions
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Extrinsic Controls
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Can override the intrinsic controls + rides in the cardiac control center in the medulla oblongata
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Blood enters
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The heart twice , through the right atrium from the superior and inferior vena cava
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