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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Kagan
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Temperament Hypothesis contradicts Bowlby= a baby's disposition is also important
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Thomas and Chess
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Supported Kagan= three personality types (easy, difficult and slow to warm up)
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Main and Weston
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Evaluates Strange Situation- children behave differently depending on which parent they're with
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Grossman and Grossman
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German babies appeared insecurely attached because independence is encouraged
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Ainsworth (1967)
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Uganda= some mothers more sensitive to baby's needs than others
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Fox (1977)
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Israeli kibbutzim= children were equally attached to mother and nurses at children's home, but showed greater attachment to mothers in reunion behaviour (Strange Situation)
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Takahashi (1990)
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60 Japanese babies and mothers= no evidence of insecure avoidant and high rages of insecure resistant (32%)
Children became very distressed at being left alone, and 90% observations were stopped at this point |
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Van Izjemdoom and Kronnenberg (1998)
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Meta-analysis over 8 countries= found differences between cultures was small, as that secure was most common
Avoidant was next common excluding Japan and Israel |
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Rothbaum et al (2000)
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Criticised Strange Situation for being too steeped in Western culture
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Spitz and Wolf (1946)=
Disruption |
100 normal children placed in institution became severely depressed within few months
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Skeels and Dye= Disruption
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Disrupted children scored poorly on intelligence tests
Found this could be reversed with care (children were sent to home for mentally disabled adults) |
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Skodak and Skeels
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Some children put in home for adults with learning difficulties, while rest remained in orphanage for 1 and a half years= control group's IQ fell, experimental's rose
Many ethical issues |
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Robertson and Robertson (1967-73)
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Laura: effect of disruption (distress and depression)
Jane, Lucy, Thomas and Kate: limiting effect of disruption (high quality emotional care) |
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Robertson
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John: went from happy baby to distressed one in only 9 days
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Curtiss: Privation
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Genie's learning had ceiling effect, because her cortex for speech and learning had never been stimulated
Shows physical effect of privation: brain shrinkage |
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Koluchova: Privation
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Czech Twins: caught up with other kids their age by 14 due to loving care of two sisters (attended university and had meaningful relationships)
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Hodges and Tizard: Privation
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Children who were adopted were as closely attached to foster parents as other children. Restored children were less likely to attach to mothers. Both groups had problems with peers
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Clarke-Stewart et al
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Children in daycare were more advanced in peer relations than those who stayed at home
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NICHD
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Longer a child spent in daycare= more aggression
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EPPE
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Good daycare could reduce negative side effects of separation, but not prevent them
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Anderson
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(Sweden) Children in daycare were able to get along better with peers
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Moely and Frank
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Children in daycare more cooperative and helpful= less aggressive
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DiLalla
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Children who spend more time in care are less cooperative and helpful with peers (correlational study)
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Violata and Russell
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Meta-analysis= children who spent more than 20 hours a week at daycare were more aggressive
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Singer et al
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Children adopted within week of birth are as securely attached to adoptive mothers as in non-adoptive families
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Sylva et al
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Quality of care positively correlated with qualifications of staff
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Schaffer
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Consistency of care: v. important
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Goldschmied and Jackson
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Key worker acts as attachment figure= provide warmth and security
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