Renal complications
Renal damage is almost inevitable in sickle-cell disease. There is a strong tendency for HbS to polymerise in the renal medulla, because of the low partial pressure of oxygen, the low pH, and the high osmolality causing erythrocyte dehydration. The consequent vaso-occlusion causes renal infarction with papillary necrosis, and medullary fibrosis with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Other complications include haematuria, renal medullary carcinoma, nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting), and chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis may occur.
Neurological complications
Complications occur in 25% of patients, Sickle-cell anaemia is one of the most common causes of stroke in children. Most cases are associated with vasculopathy affecting the distal internal carotid and middle cerebral arteries, extracranial vasculopathy can also be present. …show more content…
11% of patients with sickle-cell disease have had a stroke by the age of 20 years. Once a stroke has occurred, the risk of recurrence is more than 60%.
- In studies in which MRI is used, up to 20% of children with sickle-cell disease have silent brain infarcts. Silent infarcts are linked to neurocognitive problems, fits, and risk of further brain infarction.
-Intracranial bleeds occur in patients of all ages, but are most common between the ages of 20 years and 30 years; cerebral aneurysms.
-Transient ischaemic
Renal damage is almost inevitable in sickle-cell disease. There is a strong tendency for HbS to polymerise in the renal medulla, because of the low partial pressure of oxygen, the low pH, and the high osmolality causing erythrocyte dehydration. The consequent vaso-occlusion causes renal infarction with papillary necrosis, and medullary fibrosis with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Other complications include haematuria, renal medullary carcinoma, nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting), and chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis may occur.
Neurological complications
Complications occur in 25% of patients, Sickle-cell anaemia is one of the most common causes of stroke in children. Most cases are associated with vasculopathy affecting the distal internal carotid and middle cerebral arteries, extracranial vasculopathy can also be present. …show more content…
11% of patients with sickle-cell disease have had a stroke by the age of 20 years. Once a stroke has occurred, the risk of recurrence is more than 60%.
- In studies in which MRI is used, up to 20% of children with sickle-cell disease have silent brain infarcts. Silent infarcts are linked to neurocognitive problems, fits, and risk of further brain infarction.
-Intracranial bleeds occur in patients of all ages, but are most common between the ages of 20 years and 30 years; cerebral aneurysms.
-Transient ischaemic