Localized Governance - Elected representatives live in close proximity to the people they represent, which better positions them to understand the problems and offer unique solutions to the citizens of their communities.
Freedom to Form Policy - State governments have the liberty to adopt policies that may or may not be followed nationally. For example, same sex marriage were not recognized by the federal government until 2015, but before than these marriages were given legal status within certain states that approved of it.
Two disadvantages of living in a federal political system are:
Uneven distribution of wealth - Because natural resources, industry, and employment opportunities