For many years, open-heart surgery has been the sole option when it comes to valvereplacements in the heart. Today, with the help of fluoroscopy, a non-surgical approach has beenevolving and is changing the face of medicine. Transcatheter Valve Replacement (TVR), is apercutaneous technique that uses fluoroscopic guidance to replace a diseased or dysfunctionalvalve without ever having to go under the knife. To be able to intervene percutaneously is the“most exciting advancement in the treatment of valve disease” (Kenny & Hijazi, 2013, p795).The pulmonary valve and aortic valve are two valves that can be treated or replaced in thecatheterization lab through a percutaneous TVR. Patients will present with pulmonary stenosisor aortic stenosis. Pulmonary stenosis is defined as “the narrowing of the opening between thepulmonary artery and the right ventricle”
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There are a few valves out there that can be placed via the percutaneousapproach. Two of the valves are the Medtronic Melody valve and the Edwards SAPIEN valve,both of which can be placed in the pulmonary valve position. The SAPIEN valve can be placedin the aortic position as well. The Melody was designed by Phillip Bonhoeffer and consists of aharvested, “valved, bovine jugular vein sewn into a bare metal stent” (Kenny & Hijazi, 2013,p.795). It received regulatory approval in 2006 and since then, more than 7,000 implants within165 centers worldwide have been conducted (Ringewald & Suh, 2014).The Edwards SAPIENvalve is the alternative to the Melody and is made from “bovine pericardial leaflets sewn into aballoon expandable stent” (Singh, Olsten, & Horlick, 2012, p.207).The stents with which bothvalves are mounted are radiopaque and can be easily seen under fluoroscopy when preparing fordeployment. The TVR approach, in conjunction with cardiac fluoroscopy, for the treatment
There are a few valves out there that can be placed via the percutaneousapproach. Two of the valves are the Medtronic Melody valve and the Edwards SAPIEN valve,both of which can be placed in the pulmonary valve position. The SAPIEN valve can be placedin the aortic position as well. The Melody was designed by Phillip Bonhoeffer and consists of aharvested, “valved, bovine jugular vein sewn into a bare metal stent” (Kenny & Hijazi, 2013,p.795). It received regulatory approval in 2006 and since then, more than 7,000 implants within165 centers worldwide have been conducted (Ringewald & Suh, 2014).The Edwards SAPIENvalve is the alternative to the Melody and is made from “bovine pericardial leaflets sewn into aballoon expandable stent” (Singh, Olsten, & Horlick, 2012, p.207).The stents with which bothvalves are mounted are radiopaque and can be easily seen under fluoroscopy when preparing fordeployment. The TVR approach, in conjunction with cardiac fluoroscopy, for the treatment