Topdressing: Adequate Cultivation

When modifying the existing root zone, adequate cultivation is necessary to insure proper incorporation of the material. The more a topdressing material varies from the existing root zone in relation to its texture classification and physical properties, the more cultivation is typically needed. Without adequate cultivation, there remains a high potential for layering in the soil. Anytime there is a layer created in the soil, the interface between the layers will have the potential to negatively affect hydraulic conductivity, root penetration and even air and gas exchange characteristics of the soil.

The goal of all topdressing programs is to reach 75% sand by weight in the rootzone. When 75% is reached, macropores are created allowing the sand particles to bind and reduce particle density. The large pore spaces reduce the likelihood of a field to become severely compacted. In addition, aerification holes backfilled with sand can create large channels that allow water to move through soil rapidly. Topdressing is a multi-year process and once started needs to continue for the life of the field. Lapses in a topdressing program can cause major infiltration and layering issues in the future. …show more content…
Thatch is an intermingled layer of alive and dead crowns, stems, roots, and rhizomes. A small thatch layer under athletic fields 0.25-0.5 inches can provide stability and padding for athletics, however an excessive thatch layer (>0.5 inches) can prevent water from moving into the soil profile, as well as, create a favorable environment for pests. Diseases and insects thrive in the wet conditions presented by excessive thatch. In addition, the consistently wet top layer and thick thatch layer can discourage roots from developing deep in the soil profile. Fields with poor rooting reduce traction and stability of the athletes leading to an increased chance of