This paper attempts to address the following Theories: Halo Effect, Attributive Theory, Bystander effect in relation to the theories of…
Halo Effect Theory:
Edward Thorndike developed the theory; Halo Effect to describe impressions we form of others and the transfer of such impressions to another based on a stereotypical opinion we have formed from that ‘universal’ assumption drawn from one person or an individual unto another. For instance, the impression that the populations in Africa have of politician is meshed in the stereotype that they are not worthy of their trust, such impression will usually be transferred to another politically inclined individual regardless of his high moral standards. Those positive impressions that they have about …show more content…
“The halo effect theory falls in the category of fallacy of relevance or psychological fallacy” (Grcic 2008). It could be considered as being in the category of relevance since having one positive trait is not necessarily relevant to having another positive trait. It may also be categorized in the psychological area since it is a common psychological trait in …show more content…
Dissonance theory applies to all situations involving attitude formation and change. This theory is able to manipulate people into certain behavior, by doing so these people will alter their attitudes themselves. It is especially relevant to decision-making and problem-solving.
It is “the awareness a person has of holding inconsistent beliefs, emotions or behavior” (Grcic 2008). The individual’s awareness of this dissonance causes him to reduce the dissonance and this can be done either by sourcing information or give reasons in such a way that would enable a generally acceptable and consistent belief with this habit. (Festinger, 1962) highlighted the options a smoker can raise in order to reduce the dissonance in the danger of his smoking habit; “he enjoys it so much that it is worth it, the chances of his health suffering are not as serious as some would make out; he cannot always avoid every possible dangerous contingency and still live” consequently what this means is that there is the point that he holds that something would have to kill him eventually if not smoking. Cognitive dissonance is a psychological activity or condition that aids in the reduction of the effect of dissonance. If the smoker for instance chooses to stop smoking his cognition of
Halo Effect Theory:
Edward Thorndike developed the theory; Halo Effect to describe impressions we form of others and the transfer of such impressions to another based on a stereotypical opinion we have formed from that ‘universal’ assumption drawn from one person or an individual unto another. For instance, the impression that the populations in Africa have of politician is meshed in the stereotype that they are not worthy of their trust, such impression will usually be transferred to another politically inclined individual regardless of his high moral standards. Those positive impressions that they have about …show more content…
“The halo effect theory falls in the category of fallacy of relevance or psychological fallacy” (Grcic 2008). It could be considered as being in the category of relevance since having one positive trait is not necessarily relevant to having another positive trait. It may also be categorized in the psychological area since it is a common psychological trait in …show more content…
Dissonance theory applies to all situations involving attitude formation and change. This theory is able to manipulate people into certain behavior, by doing so these people will alter their attitudes themselves. It is especially relevant to decision-making and problem-solving.
It is “the awareness a person has of holding inconsistent beliefs, emotions or behavior” (Grcic 2008). The individual’s awareness of this dissonance causes him to reduce the dissonance and this can be done either by sourcing information or give reasons in such a way that would enable a generally acceptable and consistent belief with this habit. (Festinger, 1962) highlighted the options a smoker can raise in order to reduce the dissonance in the danger of his smoking habit; “he enjoys it so much that it is worth it, the chances of his health suffering are not as serious as some would make out; he cannot always avoid every possible dangerous contingency and still live” consequently what this means is that there is the point that he holds that something would have to kill him eventually if not smoking. Cognitive dissonance is a psychological activity or condition that aids in the reduction of the effect of dissonance. If the smoker for instance chooses to stop smoking his cognition of