All psychologists make different assumptions about the qualities of a person. According to (Gross 2010) We see this by looking at the theoretical approaches to psychology also known as the four major schools of thought such as the psychoanalytic approach, the behaviourist approach, cognitive approach, and the biological approach.
Sigmund Freud (1856 – 1989) was the founder of the Psychoanalytic approach. He was influenced through his work with Breuer (1842- 1925) and Charcot (1885). Freud used the iceberg metaphor to help us understand his topographical theory for our mind. Only ten percent of an iceberg is visible, this is the conscious mind which contains the information that we are aware of for example our thoughts and perceptions. However, …show more content…
He called dreams the royal road to the unconscious.
The strengths of this Approach are that Freuds work help us to understand the importance of childhood experiences in life. Another strength is that Freud’s work made the case study method common in psychology. Many would criticise that Freuds work was biased as he would focus on one person in detail and in his case studies he would change the history of his patients to be similar his theory. Another weakness is that his work was also known as being sexist towards women, as he believed that females were more likely to develop weaker superegos and to suffer from anxiety than males. According to (McLeod, S. A. 2016)
The Behaviourist approach is the study of the human and animal behaviour and how learning can affect it. The Basic Behaviourist Assumptions are that all complex behaviour is learned through our environment and all complex behaviours can be reduced to a simple stimulus and only observable behaviour should be …show more content…
It is also the only approach to consider the impact of our physiology on behaviour. However, a weakness is that the biological explanations can be simplistic and may not provide enough information to make human behaviour clear. The biological approach also does not recognize any cognitive processes. According to (McLeod, S. 2015)
The cognitive approach scientifically studies our minds as though it were an information processor. According to (McLeod, S. 2015) Cognitive psychologists study the mediational processes such as perception, attention, language, memory and thinking.
Schema is an important factor in development for Piaget (1896-1980) as it is important on how we react to different stimuli for example this could be objects or events, it also depends on our current knowledge on these examples on how we would react differently to them. They usually begin in early childhood and continue throughout our lives on which we will then start developing internal representations, theories or understandings of objects, events, and behaviours. Piaget developed the theory of cognitive development in children that is still currently used in teaching today. According to (McLeod, S.
Sigmund Freud (1856 – 1989) was the founder of the Psychoanalytic approach. He was influenced through his work with Breuer (1842- 1925) and Charcot (1885). Freud used the iceberg metaphor to help us understand his topographical theory for our mind. Only ten percent of an iceberg is visible, this is the conscious mind which contains the information that we are aware of for example our thoughts and perceptions. However, …show more content…
He called dreams the royal road to the unconscious.
The strengths of this Approach are that Freuds work help us to understand the importance of childhood experiences in life. Another strength is that Freud’s work made the case study method common in psychology. Many would criticise that Freuds work was biased as he would focus on one person in detail and in his case studies he would change the history of his patients to be similar his theory. Another weakness is that his work was also known as being sexist towards women, as he believed that females were more likely to develop weaker superegos and to suffer from anxiety than males. According to (McLeod, S. A. 2016)
The Behaviourist approach is the study of the human and animal behaviour and how learning can affect it. The Basic Behaviourist Assumptions are that all complex behaviour is learned through our environment and all complex behaviours can be reduced to a simple stimulus and only observable behaviour should be …show more content…
It is also the only approach to consider the impact of our physiology on behaviour. However, a weakness is that the biological explanations can be simplistic and may not provide enough information to make human behaviour clear. The biological approach also does not recognize any cognitive processes. According to (McLeod, S. 2015)
The cognitive approach scientifically studies our minds as though it were an information processor. According to (McLeod, S. 2015) Cognitive psychologists study the mediational processes such as perception, attention, language, memory and thinking.
Schema is an important factor in development for Piaget (1896-1980) as it is important on how we react to different stimuli for example this could be objects or events, it also depends on our current knowledge on these examples on how we would react differently to them. They usually begin in early childhood and continue throughout our lives on which we will then start developing internal representations, theories or understandings of objects, events, and behaviours. Piaget developed the theory of cognitive development in children that is still currently used in teaching today. According to (McLeod, S.