The focus is on the silent killer hypertension and how it affects African-American (AA) men in the United States, and how they handle it. The way AA men handle hypertension is through ignorance, which I 've named The Ostrich Effect. The Ostrich Effect is just that, putting your head in the sand in hopes the problem will go away. The leading cause of death in AA men is cardiovascular disease, hypertension, stroke, and heart attacks, which lead to numerous other comorbidities. There are some health disparities in the AA population, some are self-induced, and some are societal disparities. Each year about 610,000 people die of heart disease, 795,000 have strokes. Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death in the United States for
…show more content…
The HBN focuses on the attitudes and beliefs of individuals. The HBM developed in the 1950s by social psychologists Hochbuam, Rosenstock and Kegels working in the U.S. Public Health Services. The model developed in response to the failure of a free tuberculosis health screening program, and to understand the failure of people to adopt disease prevention strategies. The HBM derives from a psychological and behavioral theory with the foundation that the two components of health-related behavior are the desire to avoid illness and the belief that a specific health action will prevent, or cure, illness. An individual 's course of action depends on the person 's perception of the benefits and barriers related to health behaviors (Boston University, …show more content…
Interventions are tailored to a target population 's level of knowledge and motivation. TTM encourages an assessment of an individual 's current stage of change and accounts for relapse (Janz et al. 2002).
CONSTRUCTS
1. The HBM had four constructs but added two more in 1988:
2. Perceived Susceptibility—One 's opinion of chances of getting a condition
3. Perceived Severity—One 's opinion of how serious a condition and its consequences are
4. Perceived Benefits—One 's belief in the efficacy of the advised action to reduce risk or seriousness of impact
5. Perceived Barriers—One 's opinion of the tangible and psychological costs of the advised action
6. Cues to Action—Strategies to activate "readiness."
7. Self-Efficacy—Confidence in one 's ability to take action (Janz et al. 2002).
The TTM model has six constructs:
1. Precontemplation—People do not intend to take action
2. Contemplation—People are intending to start a healthy behavior
3. Preparation (Determination)—People are ready to take action
4. Action—People have recently changed their behavior
5. Maintenance—People have sustained their behavior
6. Termination—People have no desire to return to unhealthy behaviors (Boston University,
The HBN focuses on the attitudes and beliefs of individuals. The HBM developed in the 1950s by social psychologists Hochbuam, Rosenstock and Kegels working in the U.S. Public Health Services. The model developed in response to the failure of a free tuberculosis health screening program, and to understand the failure of people to adopt disease prevention strategies. The HBM derives from a psychological and behavioral theory with the foundation that the two components of health-related behavior are the desire to avoid illness and the belief that a specific health action will prevent, or cure, illness. An individual 's course of action depends on the person 's perception of the benefits and barriers related to health behaviors (Boston University, …show more content…
Interventions are tailored to a target population 's level of knowledge and motivation. TTM encourages an assessment of an individual 's current stage of change and accounts for relapse (Janz et al. 2002).
CONSTRUCTS
1. The HBM had four constructs but added two more in 1988:
2. Perceived Susceptibility—One 's opinion of chances of getting a condition
3. Perceived Severity—One 's opinion of how serious a condition and its consequences are
4. Perceived Benefits—One 's belief in the efficacy of the advised action to reduce risk or seriousness of impact
5. Perceived Barriers—One 's opinion of the tangible and psychological costs of the advised action
6. Cues to Action—Strategies to activate "readiness."
7. Self-Efficacy—Confidence in one 's ability to take action (Janz et al. 2002).
The TTM model has six constructs:
1. Precontemplation—People do not intend to take action
2. Contemplation—People are intending to start a healthy behavior
3. Preparation (Determination)—People are ready to take action
4. Action—People have recently changed their behavior
5. Maintenance—People have sustained their behavior
6. Termination—People have no desire to return to unhealthy behaviors (Boston University,