Historically, Native Americans resided throughout the United States and withheld more power than the settlers initially—however, these roles switched. Later on, European settlers gained more power through expansion, which resulted in the Natives transforming into “ghosts” (currently, Native Americans fail to withhold the power once gained). This oppression between the two cultures (the Europeans turning the Natives into “ghosts”), is similar to Thomas Builds-the-Fire’s testimony—although the instances themselves are different, both cases hint at the past to display the oppression Native Americans currently face. The author accentuates the cultural conflict frequently viewed throughout Native American history and emphasizes prejudice against Natives since they are “ghosts”. On the other hand, these two works of literature differ because in the poem, Alexie fails to include more realistic elements in contrast to the trial. Overall, Sherman Alexie describes cultural clash through reservation realism in the novel and other works of literature and film, such as Smoke …show more content…
In the novel, Sherman Alexie includes a chapter called “Distances”; the story begins in an apocalyptic alternate reality where an illness killed all European settlers—the Native American survivors resemble the “Skins”, and the “Urbans” lived in cities (Urbans symbolizing white people). The world outside reservations remains desolate and barren, and the Tribal Council desires to burn/kill any item /person relating to the Urbans. In the chapter, Alexie initially states, “the Tribal Council decided it’s a white man’s disease in their blood” (Alexie 107). In this alternate reality, the reservation contains a “plague”, which kills the Urbans. Alexie says “it’s a white man’s disease”, which reflects on a historical event, where European settlers carried smallpox, resulting in the destruction of Native American societies. In addition, this touches on the Native American exposure to western influence—the burning of items/people with the “white man’s disease” suggest negative connotations to European cultural stimulus, and imply the forgetting of ancient Native roots and connections (since any Skin with Urban relation is also killed/burned). Evidently, a distance/difference remains between the two cultures both historically and currently. The author utilized a historical event (a reservation-realism element) and implemented it into an alternate