What are Classical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning? Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which an association is formed between normal responses to a stimulus, after this training the stimulus provokes the response. Differing from classical conditioning, operant conditioning is a type of learning in which an animal or a person is rewarded or punished for performing a behavior that is discovered by chance. (Solomon & Berg, 2008, p.1106) This paper is going to display the differences and the similarities that both Classical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning have. Also it will illustrate the aspects that each conditioning has and portrays.
Classical conditioning was discovered around the 19th century in both the United States …show more content…
In the above paragraph definded how Twitmyer had come upon this magnificent discovery. Now this passage will showcase how classical conditioning was uncovered in Russia. The Russian discovery was all thanks to I.P. Pavlov. Pavlov was awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine for his outstanding work on the physiology of digestion in the year 1904. (Clark, 2004) The early research of classical conditioning was executed by experimenting with dogs as subjects. First Pavlov’s laboratory began their experimentation by fake feeding the canines. Fake feeding is when the food is eaten but fails to reach the stomach due to an implanted esophageal fistula. This showed that gastric secretions were still developed even when the food was not reaching the stomach. Later Pavlov and his associates modified their studies, now rather than measuring the gastric secretions, they condensed measuring salivation. Salivation was chosen due to the fact that the method used to measure it was easier and more efficient. They used permanently implanted tube like objects known as fistula in order to obtain the measurements. (Clark, 2004) In order to obtain results they stimulated the dogs by placing a glass of carbon bisulphide and another one with water. When the dog was exposed to the one with the carbon bisuphide the dog’s salivary glands developed saliva. When the dog was introduced to the …show more content…
One of the elements is described as an unconditional stimulus, which induces a normal and measurable unconditional response. The second feature is when a conditioned stimulus which originally does not provoke the unconditional response and then there is the third feature. This is when there is a frequent exhibition of the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli in a controlled and specific environment. The discovery of classical conditioning was very grand event that lead other professionals to explore how classical conditioning functioned and how it could be
Classical conditioning was discovered around the 19th century in both the United States …show more content…
In the above paragraph definded how Twitmyer had come upon this magnificent discovery. Now this passage will showcase how classical conditioning was uncovered in Russia. The Russian discovery was all thanks to I.P. Pavlov. Pavlov was awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine for his outstanding work on the physiology of digestion in the year 1904. (Clark, 2004) The early research of classical conditioning was executed by experimenting with dogs as subjects. First Pavlov’s laboratory began their experimentation by fake feeding the canines. Fake feeding is when the food is eaten but fails to reach the stomach due to an implanted esophageal fistula. This showed that gastric secretions were still developed even when the food was not reaching the stomach. Later Pavlov and his associates modified their studies, now rather than measuring the gastric secretions, they condensed measuring salivation. Salivation was chosen due to the fact that the method used to measure it was easier and more efficient. They used permanently implanted tube like objects known as fistula in order to obtain the measurements. (Clark, 2004) In order to obtain results they stimulated the dogs by placing a glass of carbon bisulphide and another one with water. When the dog was exposed to the one with the carbon bisuphide the dog’s salivary glands developed saliva. When the dog was introduced to the …show more content…
One of the elements is described as an unconditional stimulus, which induces a normal and measurable unconditional response. The second feature is when a conditioned stimulus which originally does not provoke the unconditional response and then there is the third feature. This is when there is a frequent exhibition of the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli in a controlled and specific environment. The discovery of classical conditioning was very grand event that lead other professionals to explore how classical conditioning functioned and how it could be