1.1 Power Flow Theory
Power, as we know, consists of two components, active and reactive power. The total sum of active and reactive power is called as apparent power.
1.1.1 Active Power
“Power is a measure of energy per unit time. Power therefore gives the rate of energy consumption or production. The units for power are generally watts (W). For example, the watt rating of an appliance gives the rate at which it uses energy. The total amount of energy consumed by this appliance is the wattage multiplied by the amount of time during which it was used, this energy can be expressed in units of watt-hours (or kilowatt-hours).
The power dissipated by a circuit element whether an appliance or simply a wire is given by …show more content…
Power, as we know, consists of two components, active and reactive power. The total sum of active and reactive power is called as apparent power. Finally, we also specify what we might intuitively think of as the difference between apparent and real power, namely, reactive power. Reactive power is the component of power that oscillates back and forth through the lines, being exchanged between electric and magnetic fields and not getting dissipated. It is denoted by the symbol Q, and its magnitude is given by:
Again, note how the equation converges for the resistive case where ø = 0 and sinø = 0, as there will be no reactive power at all.
Reactive power is measured in VAR (also written Var or VAr), for volt-ampere reactive. We can represent power as a vector in the complex plane: namely, and arrow of length S (apparent power) that makes an angle ø with the real axis. The angle ø is the same as the phase difference between voltage and current. Therefore the VAR compensation improves the stability of ac system by increasing the maximum active power that can be transmitted. Power is referred as the product of voltage and current. …show more content…
Facts controllers are very effective and capable of increasing power transfer capability of a line, as thermal limit permits, while maintaining the same degree of stability. FACTS controllers are placed at the transmission line and degree of series compensation is provided to get the maximum possible benefit. It is observed that the optimal location of facts controllers deviates from the centre of the line towards the generator side with the increase in the degree of series compensation.
Generally speaking, the term “Power Transfer Capability” refers to the amount of electric power that can be passed through a transmission network from one place to another. The concept of Power transfer capability is useful for several reasons.
A system which can accommodate large inter-area transfers is generally more robust and flexible than a system with limited ability to accommodate inter-area transfers. Thus power transfer capability can be used as a rough indicator of relative system
Power, as we know, consists of two components, active and reactive power. The total sum of active and reactive power is called as apparent power.
1.1.1 Active Power
“Power is a measure of energy per unit time. Power therefore gives the rate of energy consumption or production. The units for power are generally watts (W). For example, the watt rating of an appliance gives the rate at which it uses energy. The total amount of energy consumed by this appliance is the wattage multiplied by the amount of time during which it was used, this energy can be expressed in units of watt-hours (or kilowatt-hours).
The power dissipated by a circuit element whether an appliance or simply a wire is given by …show more content…
Power, as we know, consists of two components, active and reactive power. The total sum of active and reactive power is called as apparent power. Finally, we also specify what we might intuitively think of as the difference between apparent and real power, namely, reactive power. Reactive power is the component of power that oscillates back and forth through the lines, being exchanged between electric and magnetic fields and not getting dissipated. It is denoted by the symbol Q, and its magnitude is given by:
Again, note how the equation converges for the resistive case where ø = 0 and sinø = 0, as there will be no reactive power at all.
Reactive power is measured in VAR (also written Var or VAr), for volt-ampere reactive. We can represent power as a vector in the complex plane: namely, and arrow of length S (apparent power) that makes an angle ø with the real axis. The angle ø is the same as the phase difference between voltage and current. Therefore the VAR compensation improves the stability of ac system by increasing the maximum active power that can be transmitted. Power is referred as the product of voltage and current. …show more content…
Facts controllers are very effective and capable of increasing power transfer capability of a line, as thermal limit permits, while maintaining the same degree of stability. FACTS controllers are placed at the transmission line and degree of series compensation is provided to get the maximum possible benefit. It is observed that the optimal location of facts controllers deviates from the centre of the line towards the generator side with the increase in the degree of series compensation.
Generally speaking, the term “Power Transfer Capability” refers to the amount of electric power that can be passed through a transmission network from one place to another. The concept of Power transfer capability is useful for several reasons.
A system which can accommodate large inter-area transfers is generally more robust and flexible than a system with limited ability to accommodate inter-area transfers. Thus power transfer capability can be used as a rough indicator of relative system