Researchers in this experiment were trying to simplify the genome, as well as elongate the sequence. For protein synthesis to happen ribosomes move along the mRNA, reads each codon, takes the tRNA, the factor that elongates the protein Tu (EF-Tu), and guanosine phosphate (GTP) to produce a protein complex (Rudorf, 2015, p. …show more content…
coli MDS42. They used UAG because it was used in a previous experiment. In addition, they replaced other codons such as; AGC, AGU, UUG, and UUA because these codons were not recognized in aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. They used two codons AGG and AGA, the two rarest codons used because the amino acid arginine (AGG/AGA) compromise only two to four percent of the entire E. coli strand. This helped minimize the amount of changes that was done to the final E. coli genome. They saved amino acid sequences of the coding genes and that allowed the DNA to adapt to the synthesis requirements, such as removing restriction sites, normalizing regions of extreme GC content, or guanine-cytosine content, and reduce repetitive sequences. On average, each codon segment had about forty genes and three essential genes to still be able to carry out its normal