Exercise is physical movement accomplished through the contraction of skeletal muscles. These contractions require significant amounts of energy and constitute a major physiological function. The energy for contractions is provided by ATP which can be synthesized from many different substrates.K The metabolic demands of skeletal muscle incurred through brief and acute exercise and be fulfilled through hydrolysis of creatine phosphate which provides energy to synthesize ATP from ADP. For longer durations of exercise, the bulk of metabolic demands are fulfilled through oxidative phosphorylation which a small amount of input from glycolysis. The main substrate source for prolonged exercise is fat from adipose tissue.
Oxygen is essential to cellular …show more content…
The cardiovascular system acts to provide substrates and sequester waste from muscle cells during exercise. As exercise increases the demand for oxygen and production of carbon dioxide, blood flow must also increase to meet demands. This is accomplished through an increase in cardiac output which is a function of the amount of blood pumped in one stroke by the heart (stroke volume) and the rate of cardiac contraction (heart rate). The stroke volume does not increase drastically for bouts of exercise, but heart rate will change markedly, up to three times the resting rate. O Dynamic exercise causes other cardiovascular responses in addition to increased stroke volume and heart rate. For example, exercise will result in a general, sympathetic vasoconstriction of arterioles with local overrides of endocrine vasodilation.
Exercise also influences pulmonary physiology. The increased demand for oxygen intake and carbon dioxide expulsion results in an increase in pulmonary airflow and pulmonary ventilation, accomplished primarily through increases in breathing rate.E While pulmonary airflow and ventilation are similar they are not synonymous. Airflow is the amount of air breathed in and out of the lungs while ventilation is the amount of air that actively participates in diffusion from the
Oxygen is essential to cellular …show more content…
The cardiovascular system acts to provide substrates and sequester waste from muscle cells during exercise. As exercise increases the demand for oxygen and production of carbon dioxide, blood flow must also increase to meet demands. This is accomplished through an increase in cardiac output which is a function of the amount of blood pumped in one stroke by the heart (stroke volume) and the rate of cardiac contraction (heart rate). The stroke volume does not increase drastically for bouts of exercise, but heart rate will change markedly, up to three times the resting rate. O Dynamic exercise causes other cardiovascular responses in addition to increased stroke volume and heart rate. For example, exercise will result in a general, sympathetic vasoconstriction of arterioles with local overrides of endocrine vasodilation.
Exercise also influences pulmonary physiology. The increased demand for oxygen intake and carbon dioxide expulsion results in an increase in pulmonary airflow and pulmonary ventilation, accomplished primarily through increases in breathing rate.E While pulmonary airflow and ventilation are similar they are not synonymous. Airflow is the amount of air breathed in and out of the lungs while ventilation is the amount of air that actively participates in diffusion from the