The Pioneer plaques as well as the Arecibo message, which date back to the 1970s, require the knowledge of binary digits, geometry and chemistry to be decoded by a recipient. Almost none of the unbiased scientists could correctly decipher a pictorial message of the Pioneer plaques. Needless to say, that the chance for extraterrestrial life to understand it is vanishing. Even the Voyager golden records, containing sounds and images, are “comprehensible to a scientifically literate society” only (Sagan 13). Images with some linguistic representation, which were seen as a powerful way to transmit unambiguous interstellar messages, still imply prerequisites of the same space and time perception (a priori forms of sensibility), vision and …show more content…
Having won the war and eradicated buggers’ home planet, Ender, the protagonist of the story, finds out that the conflict was actually a misunderstanding. Buggers killed humans because they did not know that each person on Earth possessed intellect and consciousness (as for buggers, only their ‘queens’ were sentient). When extraterrestrials realized their mistake, they tried to contact people, but it was too late: Earthlings interpreted buggers’ actions as a war, danger, threat (Card). This novel exemplifies value judgements of metalevel, messed and confused with the descriptive