Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the most common form of all muscular dystrophies, is an X-linked disorder affecting approximately one in 5000 newborn boys. " (page1; paragraph 1; lines 1-4)" Patients are usually restricted to a wheelchair around the age of twelve and facing death somewhere between the ages twenty-five to thirty. DMD is caused when the dystrophin gene is mutated. That mutation stops the communication for a functional protein.…
Daniel Ward Professor Meyers English 111 5 October 2015 Cavity-Back Versus Muscle-Back Could game improvement irons be preventing individuals from becoming a better ball striker? The game improvement concept that originated in the 1980s has offered a new style of golf club head called a cavity-back. The sole purpose of the cavity-back iron design is to combine forgiveness and playability for the average golfer and to lower one’s scores quickly. Traditionally, the muscle-back iron design requires a better swing and is not very forgiving however, it gives one more control and a softer feel. Muscle-backs gained their nickname from the original blade style iron, which were hand forged by a blacksmith over 150 years ago.…
Abstract: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a X-linked recessive condition in which a defective gene called dystrophin is inherited. Dystrophin is an essential protein for muscular strength and stability. DMD affects 1 out of 3600 males and the symptoms are more severe in males than in females. Symptoms of DMD include skeletal deformities, fatigue, learning and intellectual developmental delay, difficulty breathing, and heart disease. Diagnosing DMD is done through serum CPK, muscle biopsy, genetic testing, and electromyography to confirm inheritance of the gene and progression of disease.…
Goodpasture’s Syndrome, also known as Goodpasture’s Disease, antiglomerular basement antibody disease, or anti-GBM disease is an autoimmune disease affecting the lungs and kidneys. In this rare disease antibodies are formed that attack the collagen in the lungs and kidneys leading to kidney failure and bleeding in the lungs. The laboratory plays an important role in the diagnostic process of Goodpasture’s disease. Patients will experience edema, joint pain, changes of urine color, and electrolyte imbalances in the blood. Goodpasture’s Disease is treatable with steroids, different blood products, immunosuppressants, and has a good prognosis if diagnosed early.…
Duchenne Muscle Dystrophy Introduction: “Muscular Dystrophy is a group of muscle diseases that weaken the musculoskeletal system. Muscle Dystrophies are characterized by muscle weakness, defects in muscle proteins and the death of muscle cells and tissue. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is one of many types found and it passed down through the X chromosome. DMD is one of the most common muscle diseases found in early childhood.…
Hyperemesis Gravidarum Hunter Boumans Central Louisiana Technical Community College 1. What is Hyperemesis Gravidarum? 2. What causes Hyperemesis Gravidarum, and what are the risk factors? 3.…
Myasthenia Gravis Background Myasthenia gravis is a Type II autoimmune disorder in which antibodies form against various types of receptors, kinases, or proteins (1). There are four subtypes of myasthenia gravis, with the most prevalent subtype being due to autoantibodies against the muscle-type acetylcholine receptor, AChR, at the neuromuscular junction (2; 3). The second subtype involves antibodies against the muscle-specific kinase, MuSK, and the third type is due to autoantibodies against the agrin-receptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4, LRP 4. Finally, the fourth type of myasthenia gravis has autoantibodies against other muscle endplate proteins. There is a strong association of increased risk for myasthenia gravis…
Fibromyalgia is a disorder causes widespread musculoskeletal pain and is usually accompanied by memory, fatigue, mood and sleep issues. It is believed that fibromyalgia intensifies painful sensations that affect the way your brain receives pain signals. It is believed by some researchers that repeated nerve stimulation causes people's brains to change that have fibromyalgia. These changes involve abnormal levels of chemicals inside of the brain that signal pain to increase. It is also believed to cause, the brain's pain receptors to overreact to the pain which causes the person to become more sensitive, to the pain signals.…
It is a condition that gives rise to unusual muscle stiffness. Spastic paralysis occurs when tendon reflexes of the muscle in the paralyzed region occur due to upper motor neuron disease. These spasms are spontaneous and uncontrolled. It changes skeletal muscle performance in muscle tone involving hypertonia. This is a condition that arises when the nerves coordinating the voluntary muscle actions are disabled.…
Three years ago I was diagnosed with Fibromyalgia. I’ve done my best to keep it a secret, but the disease has progressed to a point to where I can no longer hide the changes to my health and behavior behind a facade of normalcy. It's time to come clean. Fibromyalgia is an autoimmune disease with no cure and few effective treatments. Although it manifests itself differently in everyone, I’m plagued with combination of fatigue, memory loss, and chronic pain across all the joints and muscles in my body.…
Multiple Sclerosis - Kellie McThenia Multiple Sclerosis involves an immune-mediated process in which an abnormal response of the body 's immune system is directed against the central nervous system. Within the central nervous system or CNS, the myelin sheath (fatty substance that surrounds the nerve fibers) is attacked by the immune system. This forms scar tissue, or sclerosis (scler/ o meaning hard, -osis meaning abnormal condition or disease). The damaged or destroyed myelin sheath or nerve fibers results in interrupted nerve impulses to the brain, which leads to a variety of symptoms that will be discussed later in this paper.…
When people envision their immune system, they picture an army inside their body fighting off harmful diseases to protect you. One does not imagine the immune system attacking your own body the thing it is meant to protect. Unfortunately, when this happens it causes your body to break down as your central nervous system (CNS) begins to degenerate over time. This ill-fated reality is the result of the chronic disease Multiple sclerosis (MS). Which is an autoimmune disease that causes irreversible neurodegeneration damage to the CNS (1).…
Introduction Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an unpredictable and disabling disease of the Central Nervous System (CNS), which is made up of the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. The Multiple Sclerosis Foundation estimates that more than 400,000 people in the United States and about 2.5 million people around the world suffer from Multiple Sclerosis (“Definition of MS,” n.d.). According to the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, the exact antigen whic targets the immune cells to attack remains unknown to this day. Damage to the myelin coating around the nerve fibers in the Central Nervous System and to the nerve fibers themselves interferes with the transmission of nerve signals between the brain, spinal cord and the rest of the body.…
Background MS (MS) is an auto immune disease which affects neurons of the central nervous system. A neuron consists of three main parts: an axon, dendrite, and a cell body. The axon is usually myelinated with a substance known as the myelin sheath, created by oligodendrocytes. This consists of twenty percent protein and eighty percent lipid. Each oligodendrocyte creates enough myelin to wrap around several axons.…
In order to further advance our knowledge of all the mysteries of the Earth, scientists must perform experiments and research. Dr. David Kem is one of these scientists looking for answers. He and other researchers from the University of Oklahoma and Vanderbilt University have been looking closely at POTS patients and the possibility of their condition being autoimmune (The Dysautonomia Dispatch 1). The article from Dysautonomia International was published February 25th, 2014 in regards to the actual lab work done and it appears in the Journal of the American Heart Association. Dr. David Kem worked at the University of Oklahoma Health Science Center for his Clinical Studies.…